AP Human Geography Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a cultural hearth?

A place of origin for a widespread cultural trend.

What are the onion-domed churches in Moscow examples of?

Cultural landscapes.

What effect will popular culture have on women's rights in less developed countries?

It has the potential to contribute to greater gender equality.

Why do groups want to preserve their traditional language?

Because language is an important part of society and culture. Signup and view all the answers

Why do countries have more than one official language?

Because immigrants maintain their own language. Signup and view all the answers

Who is involved in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka?

Sinhalese and Tamil. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Kurds?

An ethnic group that has lived in the Northeast for thousands of years. Signup and view all the answers

Where does pop culture generally originate?

North America, Western Europe, and Japan. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the majority of Amish located in America?

Pennsylvania. Signup and view all the answers

What region of the globe is the most linguistically diverse?

Papua New Guinea. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Race refers to biological characteristics, while ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant branch of Islam?

Sunni. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between ethnicity and nationality?

Ethnicity relates to cultural identity; nationality relates to political affiliation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Anatolian hearth theory?

It is the theory that language first diffused alongside agricultural innovations. Signup and view all the answers

What does stereotyping refer to?

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group. Signup and view all the answers

What does syncretic mean?

A religion that combines several traditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ethnic enclave?

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group. Signup and view all the answers

What is expansion diffusion?

The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Islamic architecture?

Courtyards, minarets, Qibla wall, mihrab, mosaics, and arabesques. Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnic cleansing?

The process in which a powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to emigrate?

To leave one's own country to settle permanently in another. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a custom?

Practices followed by the people of a particular cultural group. Signup and view all the answers

Define chain migration and give an example.

Chain migration is a social process where migrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a destination. Signup and view all the answers

What are cultural norms?

Behavior patterns that are typical of specific groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is assimilation?

To become like others or to adapt to a new environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is acculturation?

The transfer of values and customs from one group to another. Signup and view all the answers

Cremation is more important than burial in what religion?

Hinduism. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Swahili language?

It is a Bantu language spoken in Uganda and Kenya. Signup and view all the answers

What are religious toponyms?

The origin and meaning of the names of religions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the revival of languages?

Signup and view all the answers

What is a pidgin language?

A form of speech used by different native speakers that adopts simplified grammar and vocabulary. Signup and view all the answers

Define popular culture.

Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits. Signup and view all the answers

What is race?

Identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

What is a universalizing religion?

A religion that seeks to unite people from all over the globe. Signup and view all the answers

What is the norm?

Standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does monolingual mean?

Speaking or writing only one language. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lingua franca?

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade. Signup and view all the answers

What is an isogloss?

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a group language?

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hierarchical religion?

A religion where a central authority exercises high control. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Europe have on African religion?

Africa faced European imperialist aggression, which led to the disruption of local religions. Signup and view all the answers

What current religion does not require its followers to identify with only one religion?

Agnosticism. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of folk culture?

Traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two largest language families?

Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan. Signup and view all the answers

What are sacred sights in Judaism?

Temple Mount, The Western Wall, Rachel's Tomb, Biblical Mount Sinai, Mount of Olives. Signup and view all the answers

How do geographers identify cultural regions within a country?

By defining similarities in human activities, traditions, or cultural attributes. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Arabic language diffuse?

Through the movement of nomadic tribes from the Arabian Peninsula. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the conflict in Northern Ireland.

Unionists/loyalists, mostly Protestants, wanted Northern Ireland to remain within the United Kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

What are toponyms?

The name given to a portion of Earth's surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is a universal religion?

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those in a particular location. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cultural Concepts

Cultural hearths are regions where significant cultural practices begin and spread, such as New York City, Los Angeles, and London.
Landscapes often reflect cultural characteristics, like the onion-domed churches in Moscow.

Globalization and Gender

Globalization can facilitate advancements in women's rights and promote gender equality in developing nations.

Language and Culture

Traditional languages are preserved to maintain cultural identity and heritage.
Multiple official languages in a country often result from immigration, helping communities retain their languages.

Ethnicity and Identity

Sinhalese and Tamil peoples are involved in ethnic conflicts in Sri Lanka.
Kurds are an ethnic group without a sovereign nation, residing primarily in the Middle East.

Cultural Origins

Popular culture predominantly originates from North America, Western Europe, and Japan.
The Amish community in America primarily resides in Pennsylvania.

Linguistic Diversity

Papua New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region globally.
The United States is categorized by the US Census Bureau based on various metrics.

Race refers to biological traits, while ethnicity pertains to cultural characteristics.
Nationality indicates a person's political affiliation with a state, distinguishing it from ethnicity.

Religious Doctrines

Sunni is the dominant sect of Islam.
Characteristics of Islamic architecture include courtyards, minarets, and decorative elements avoiding human representations.

Migration and Religion

Immigration influences the religious landscape in the U.S., with diverse beliefs brought by various immigrant groups.

Sociolinguistic Terms

Ethnic cleansing is the forceful removal of a less powerful ethnic group to achieve homogeneity.
Emigration refers to leaving one’s country to settle in another.

Cultural Practices

Customs are specific practices typical of distinct cultural groups.
Chain migration occurs when migrants follow their countrymen to a specific destination.

Assimilation and Acculturation

Assimilation involves adapting to a new culture, like immigrants changing their behavior in a new country.
Acculturation is the exchange of cultural values, exemplified by Japanese adopting Western clothing.

Religious Practices

Cremation is a significant practice in Hinduism compared to burial traditions.

Language Families and Characteristics

Swahili belongs to the Bantu languages and is prominent in Uganda, Kenya, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Pidgin languages emerge from interactions of different native speakers simplifying grammar and vocabulary for communication.

Cultural Dynamics

Folk culture is preserved by small, homogeneous communities with unique traditions.
The two largest language families are Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan.

Jewish Sacred Sites

Notable sacred sights in Judaism include Temple Mount and the Western Wall, both central to Jewish religious practices.

Geographical Cultural Analysis

Cultural regions are identified by human activities and traditions, allowing geographers to study and compare cultural features.

Linguistic Historical Spread

The Arabic language diffused primarily through the migration of nomadic tribes from the Arabian Peninsula.

Northern Ireland Conflict

The conflict in Northern Ireland involves Unionists, primarily Protestant, wanting to remain part of the UK, illustrating religious and nationalistic tensions.

Toponymy

Toponyms refer to names assigned to locations on Earth's surface, reflecting cultural, historical, and geographical significance.

Universal and Ethnic Religions

Universalizing religions strive to appeal to all, transcending geographical boundaries, contrasting with ethnic religions that cater to specific cultural groups.

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Description

This quiz features flashcards focused on key concepts in AP Human Geography. Explore terms like 'cultural hearth' and other foundational ideas that shape our understanding of cultural trends and urban influences. Perfect for students preparing for the AP exam.