Urban Geography Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is gentrification?

Is the process by which upper-class people move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing so that lower-income people can move in.

Is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing. (correct)

Allows lower income families to remain in their homes through public subsidies.

Is the process by which lower-class people move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing.

Has almost no influence on housing prices and taxes.

A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class or upper-class is:

Gentrification. (correct)

Blockbusting.

Redlining.

Filtering.

Zoning.

What does megalopolis refer to?

Regional government federation.

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas and their CBDs.

Adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (correct)

Central cities.

Central cities plus urbanized areas.

Under certain conditions, according to U.S. law when a family is forced by a city to relocate:

Moving expenses and rent increases are paid by the government for up to four years. Signup and view all the answers

In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the

Central business district Signup and view all the answers

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have

Services for office workers Signup and view all the answers

Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because

They hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels. Signup and view all the answers

Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials in CBDs still exchange information with colleagues primarily through

Face-to-face contact Signup and view all the answers

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

Competition for limited space Signup and view all the answers

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

The construction of skyscrapers Signup and view all the answers

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?

Retail Signup and view all the answers

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is

Industrial Signup and view all the answers

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain

Retail and office activities Signup and view all the answers

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?

Warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing Signup and view all the answers

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of

Rings Signup and view all the answers

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in

A corridor from downtown to the edge of the city Signup and view all the answers

According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built

On the outer edge of that district, farther out from the center Signup and view all the answers

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

Hotels and warehouses Signup and view all the answers

Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located

On a relatively flat prairie Signup and view all the answers

Social area analysis attempts to explain

The distribution of different types of people in an urban area Signup and view all the answers

The multiple nuclei theory

Includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park Signup and view all the answers

A recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient has been

A reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area Signup and view all the answers

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

Urbanized area Signup and view all the answers

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area?

Metropolitan statistical area Signup and view all the answers

Many of the poor on the periphery of cities in less developed countries live in areas known as

Squatter settlements Signup and view all the answers

The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as

Barriadas, favelas, bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs Signup and view all the answers

The laws enacted in 1573 that specifically outlined how colonial Spanish cities were to be constructed were called the

Laws of the Indies Signup and view all the answers

After 1573, most Spanish colonial cities were designed to have

Gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and wider streets than are in the centers of most European cities Signup and view all the answers

When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Sao Paulo, one conclusion is that

The poorest people are located in different areas Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is

Greater Signup and view all the answers

Sprawl is the

Development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area Signup and view all the answers

British cities are surrounded by open space known as

Greenbelts Signup and view all the answers

The 'Boswash' corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington, D.C., was named 'Megalopolis' by

Geographer Jean Gottmann Signup and view all the answers

The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically,

Low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there Signup and view all the answers

People in the United States are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by

Private land surrounding the house Signup and view all the answers

The largest component of the U.S. population lives in

Suburbs Signup and view all the answers

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of

Access to main highways Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

Clustered in suburbs Signup and view all the answers

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through

Zoning Signup and view all the answers

The largest number of daily trips are made primarily for

Work Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more

Energy efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Hybrid automobile sales in the United States increased during the early 2000s primarily because of the success of Toyota's

Prius Signup and view all the answers

The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to

The use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, and at low speeds, when the gas engine is at its most efficient, an electric motor takes over. Energy that would otherwise be wasted while coasting and braking is captured as electricity and heat when it would otherwise be needed. Signup and view all the answers

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because

European governments subsidize public transit Signup and view all the answers

Large numbers of employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not

Own automobiles, in an urban landscape where public transportation is limited Signup and view all the answers

The process that includes subdividing a house from single-family owner occupancy to multiple occupancy is

Filtering Signup and view all the answers

During the process of ________, the owner may abandon the property because the rents that can be collected are less than the costs involved in upkeep.

Filtering Signup and view all the answers

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is

Redlining Signup and view all the answers

Detroit is trying to figure out how to shut down and close off ________ because the city cannot afford to pay for street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire 360 square kilometers (139 square miles).

Entire neighborhoods Signup and view all the answers

Public housing is

Low-income government-owned housing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Central Business District (CBD)

The CBD is the area where retail and office activities are clustered, characterized by high land values due to competition for limited space.
Retail activities in the CBD primarily include services for office workers, reflecting the proximity to business clientele.
Convention centers and sports complexes are often located in CBDs to boost business for surrounding restaurants, bars, and hotels.

Urban Structure Models

The concentric zone model posits that a city develops in rings, with different land uses at each stage.
The sector model suggests the best housing is located in corridors stretching from downtown to the city's outer edges.
The multiple nuclei model indicates that cities develop around various nodes, such as ports and universities, rather than a single CBD.

Land Use and Urban Patterns

High land costs in American cities lead to the construction of skyscrapers and the reuse of existing buildings.
Industrial activities are typically excluded from North American CBDs, where office and retail spaces dominate.
European and North American CBDs share similarities, including a concentration of retail and office activities.

Socioeconomic Distribution

Social area analysis explains the distribution of various types of people within urban areas.
Poor families in developing countries often reside in squatter settlements, while in Europe, lower-income families are typically clustered in suburbs.

Suburban Dynamics

Suburbanization is driven by the appeal of private land, leading to the largest portion of the US population living in suburbs.
Factories have migrated to suburban areas with better access to highways, reflecting the demand for logistical efficiency.

Segregation and Housing

Zoning laws serve as a legal means of segregation in US cities, impacting where different socioeconomic groups can reside.
Gentrification transforms deteriorating neighborhoods, allowing middle-class families to renovate properties, thus increasing property values and taxes.

Urban Sprawl

Sprawl is characterized by the development of new housing that is not contiguous to existing areas, leading to increased commuting and reliance on automobiles.
Greenbelts surround some British cities, providing open space to limit sprawl.

Public Transportation and Energy

Public transportation systems in Western Europe are generally more extensive due to government subsidies, contrasting with limited US options.
Public transit offers greater energy efficiency compared to private cars, contributing to lower pollution levels.

Government Policies and Housing Support

Public housing refers to government-owned low-income housing, aimed at providing affordable options for the economically disadvantaged.
Under certain US laws, relocating families are entitled to government assistance covering moving expenses and rent increases for up to four years.

Megalopolis Concept

The term "Megalopolis" describes adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas, exemplified by corridors such as the "Boswash" from Boston to Washington D.C.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in urban geography with these flashcards from Chapter 13. This quiz covers definitions and characteristics of central business districts and retail activities in urban settings. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of urban studies.

Urban Geography Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is gentrification?

A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class or upper-class is:

What does megalopolis refer to?

Under certain conditions, according to U.S. law when a family is forced by a city to relocate:

In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have

Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because

Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials in CBDs still exchange information with colleagues primarily through

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in

According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located

Social area analysis attempts to explain

The multiple nuclei theory

A recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient has been

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area?

Many of the poor on the periphery of cities in less developed countries live in areas known as

The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as

The laws enacted in 1573 that specifically outlined how colonial Spanish cities were to be constructed were called the

After 1573, most Spanish colonial cities were designed to have

When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Sao Paulo, one conclusion is that

Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is

Sprawl is the

British cities are surrounded by open space known as

The 'Boswash' corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington, D.C., was named 'Megalopolis' by

The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically,

People in the United States are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by

The largest component of the U.S. population lives in

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through

The largest number of daily trips are made primarily for

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more

Hybrid automobile sales in the United States increased during the early 2000s primarily because of the success of Toyota's

The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because

Large numbers of employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not

The process that includes subdividing a house from single-family owner occupancy to multiple occupancy is

During the process of ________, the owner may abandon the property because the rents that can be collected are less than the costs involved in upkeep.

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is

Detroit is trying to figure out how to shut down and close off ________ because the city cannot afford to pay for street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire 360 square kilometers (139 square miles).

Public housing is

Study Notes

Central Business District (CBD)

Urban Structure Models

Land Use and Urban Patterns

Socioeconomic Distribution

Suburban Dynamics

Segregation and Housing

Urban Sprawl

Public Transportation and Energy

Government Policies and Housing Support

Megalopolis Concept

Studying That Suits You

Description

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