Six Sigma Quality Metrics

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Questions and Answers

In the context of quality management, what distinguishes 'quality' from 'grade'?

Quality and grade are interchangeable terms.
Grade measures the product's performance, while quality measures stakeholders satisfaction.
Quality is related to the number of defects, grade is related to customer's expectations.
Quality refers to inherent characteristics, while grade relates to assigned categories. (correct)

Which type of waste, as defined in lean manufacturing, refers specifically to overburdening people or equipment?

Muri (correct)
Muda
Mura
Gemba

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Minimizing production costs by reducing waste.
Maximizing shareholder value through short-term profits.
Achieving economies of scale through mass production.
Ensuring that all organizational processes are aligned to meet customer needs and expectations. (correct)

What is the key difference between corrective and preventive actions in quality improvement?

Corrective actions aim to eliminate the cause of existing non-conformities, while preventive actions aim to prevent potential non-conformities. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which lean principle emphasizes the importance of understanding the value from the customer's perspective and organizing resources around that value?

Define value. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered an element of a quality audit?

Employee performance reviews. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Among the different types of audits, what does a compliance audit primarily assess?

Adherence to laws, regulations, standards and internal policies. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of verification in the context of compliance?

Ensuring activities conform to specified procedures and standards. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'COQ' stand for in quality management, and what does it measure?

Cost of Quality; measures the total cost of conformance plus non-conformance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When assessing risks in safety management, which of the following strategies is most effective for controlling hazards at their source?

Implementing engineering controls. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ISO 9001 and ISO 45001?

ISO 9001 focuses on quality management, while ISO 45001 focuses on occupational health and safety. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between leading and lagging Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in hazard prevention?

Leading KPIs predict future safety performance by measuring proactive activities, while lagging KPIs reflect past safety performance by measuring the occurrence of incidents. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential first step in quality initiation?

Defining the quality objectives and scope. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When developing a strategic plan, what is the purpose of conducting a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis?

To understand the internal and external factors that can affect the organization's ability to achieve its objectives. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a manufacturing process producing bolts. Which of the following quality characteristics would be classified as a 'variable' attribute?

The diameter of the bolt. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is most effective for visually displaying the potential causes of a quality problem?

Fishbone diagram (Ishikawa diagram). (B) Signup and view all the answers

In software quality monitoring, what type of software testing focuses on evaluating whether the software meets the specified requirements and functions correctly?

Functional testing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does improving sigma level from 3 to 4 impact parts per million opportunities (DPMO)?

DPMO decreases. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A manufacturing company produced 10,000 items and found 200 of them to be defective. What is the defect rate for this production run?

2% (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a company inspects 500 units on the first try and 475 of them pass, what is the First Pass Yield (FPY)?

95% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Quality vs. Grade

Distinguishes meeting requirements (quality) from a basic set of features (grade).

Dimension of Quality

A characteristic of a product or service that can be measured or described.