Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of acute sinusitis?

  • Allergic reaction
  • Trauma to the face
  • Bacterial infection
  • Viral infection (correct)
  • What is a common symptom of sinusitis?

  • Abdominal pain
  • Sore throat
  • Nasal congestion (correct)
  • Difficulty breathing
  • When is it likely that viral sinusitis has become bacterial?

  • If symptoms occur only at night
  • If symptoms last for 5 days or less
  • If symptoms exceed 10 days or worsen (correct)
  • If symptoms occur seasonally
  • What is a common treatment for sinusitis?

    <p>Nasal corticosteroids/decongestants sprays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of sinusitis?

    <p>Pharyngitis and cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nerve impulses travel to muscle fibers in the diaphragm?

    <p>on phrenic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as the dome-shaped diaphragm moves downward?

    <p>The thoracic cavity expands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Atmospheric pressure forces air into the respiratory tract through the air passages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills with air when the lungs fill with air?

    <p>lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

    <p>Expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the collapse of alveolar walls during expiration?

    <p>The sudden recoil of elastic tissues in the lungs and thoracic cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the intraalveolar pressure during expiration?

    <p>Tissues recoiling around the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is air expelled from the lungs?

    <p>Air is squeezed out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sinusitis

    • Inflammation of the membranes lining the sinuses, can be acute or chronic

    Aetiology

    • Acute sinusitis is mostly caused by viral infections, often following a common cold
    • Bacterial sinusitis often develops after a viral sinusitis
    • If symptoms persist or worsen after 10 days, viral sinusitis may have become bacterial

    Presentation

    • Symptoms include headache, facial pain, tooth pain, nasal congestion, fever, and postnasal discharge (PND)
    • May be accompanied by pharyngitis and cough

    Management

    • Treatment options include nasal corticosteroids and decongestants sprays
    • Analgesics may be prescribed to manage pain
    • Antibiotics may be used to treat bacterial infections

    Inspiration Mechanism

    • Nerve impulses travel through phrenic nerves to muscle fibres in the diaphragm, causing them to contract
    • The contraction of the diaphragm causes it to move downward, expanding the thoracic cavity
    • As the thoracic cavity expands, the intra-alveolar pressure decreases
    • The decrease in intra-alveolar pressure creates a pressure gradient, allowing atmospheric pressure to push air into the respiratory tract through the air passages
    • The lungs fill with air as a result of the increased pressure difference

    Expiration Process

    • Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, marking the start of expiration
    • Elastic tissues of lungs and thoracic cage, stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil during expiration
    • Recoil of elastic tissues causes surface tension to collapse alveolar walls
    • Recoil of tissues around lungs increases intraalveolar pressure
    • Increased intraalveolar pressure squeezes air out of the lungs

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    Description

    This quiz covers the causes, symptoms, and management of sinusitis, a common condition characterized by inflammation of the membranes lining the sinuses. Learn about the differences between acute and chronic sinusitis, and how to diagnose and treat the condition.

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