Podcast
Questions and Answers
In a genetic cross where one parent is homozygous dominant (AA) and the other is heterozygous (Aa) for a particular trait, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
In a genetic cross where one parent is homozygous dominant (AA) and the other is heterozygous (Aa) for a particular trait, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
- 25% dominant phenotype, 75% recessive phenotype
- 75% dominant phenotype, 25% recessive phenotype
- 50% dominant phenotype, 50% recessive phenotype
- 100% dominant phenotype (correct)
A scientist is studying zebrafish development and observes a mutation that causes a severe defect in early segmentation. Which stage of embryonic development is most likely affected by this mutation?
A scientist is studying zebrafish development and observes a mutation that causes a severe defect in early segmentation. Which stage of embryonic development is most likely affected by this mutation?
- Segmentation (correct)
- Gastrulation (epiboly)
- Hatching
- Cleavage
A researcher is breeding zebrafish to study a particular trait. They cross a fish with a wild-type phenotype to a fish with a mutant phenotype. In the F1 generation, all fish display the wild-type phenotype. What can be concluded about the inheritance of the mutant allele?
A researcher is breeding zebrafish to study a particular trait. They cross a fish with a wild-type phenotype to a fish with a mutant phenotype. In the F1 generation, all fish display the wild-type phenotype. What can be concluded about the inheritance of the mutant allele?
- The mutant allele is X-linked.
- The mutant allele is dominant.
- The wild-type allele is recessive.
- The wild-type allele is dominant. (correct)
Which of the following characteristics makes zebrafish a particularly useful model organism for medical research, especially in developmental biology?
Which of the following characteristics makes zebrafish a particularly useful model organism for medical research, especially in developmental biology?
A scientist is working with stem cells in vitro. They observe that one population of cells can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types from all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), while another population can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types within its tissue of origin. What are these two populations of cells most likely to be?
A scientist is working with stem cells in vitro. They observe that one population of cells can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types from all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), while another population can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types within its tissue of origin. What are these two populations of cells most likely to be?
Flashcards
Simple Inheritance
Simple Inheritance
Inheritance where traits are passed from parents to offspring via genes; basic genetics.
Phenotype
Phenotype
An observable characteristic (e.g., blue eyes) resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment.
Genotype
Genotype
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Punnett Square
Punnett Square
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Embryo Definition
Embryo Definition
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Study Notes
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Simple inheritance/genetics involves traits passed down through genes, where one gene typically determines one trait.
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Dominant alleles express their trait even when paired with a recessive allele, while recessive alleles only express their trait when paired with another recessive allele.
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Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, describing the specific alleles it possesses.
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An example of a dominant trait in humans is brown eyes.
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An example of a recessive trait in humans is blue eyes.
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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
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A Punnett Square predicts the probability of different genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the offspring.
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Zebrafish can be described by their phenotype, including characteristics such as body shape, fin type, and pigmentation patterns (e.g., wild-type with dark stripes).
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Zebrafish serve as a model organism for medical research due to their rapid development, transparent embryos, genetic similarity to humans, and ease of genetic manipulation
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An embryo is an early stage of development in an organism, from fertilization to birth or hatching.
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Developmental Biology examines the processes by which organisms grow and develop, including the genetic and environmental factors that control these processes.
Zebrafish Embryonic Development
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Cleavage involves rapid cell division without overall growth, forming a blastula.
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Epiboly is the thinning and spreading of cells to cover the yolk.
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Segmentation is the formation of body segments (somites) along the anterior-posterior axis.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types.
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Embryonic stem cells originate from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst and can differentiate into any cell type in the body, making them useful for regenerative medicine.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific stem cells that can differentiate into a limited range of cell types, used for tissue repair and maintenance.
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The two adult Zebrafish phenotypes used in the incursion include wild-type (with normal stripe patterns) and a mutant type (e.g., golden, with altered pigmentation).
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The dominant trait is determined by the proportion of phenotypes in the offspring, with the most prevalent phenotype indicating the dominant trait.
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Errors and improvements to the BioEyes experimental design include controlling environmental factors, increasing sample size, and accurately recording phenotypic data.
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Description
Explore the basics of simple inheritance, including dominant and recessive alleles. Understand the difference between genotype and phenotype and utilize Punnett Squares. Learn about how these principles relate to zebrafish characteristics.
