28 Questions
What does the Law of Dominance state?
One allele is dominant and masks the expression of another recessive allele.
In genetics, what does 'homozygous' refer to?
Having identical alleles for a particular gene locus.
What is the function of Punnett squares in genetics?
To predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
How do alleles relate to homologous chromosomes?
Each homologous chromosome carries different alleles for a trait.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype in genetics?
Genotype involves alleles received at fertilization, while phenotype relates to physical appearance.
What branch of biology deals with heredity and variation of organisms?
Genetics
How did Gregor Mendel conduct his experiments with pea plants?
By crossing various strains and observing their offspring
What did Mendel observe in the F2 generation when the F1 hybrids were self-pollinated?
3:1 ratio of flower colors
What does 'true breeding' mean in Mendel's terminology?
All offspring from self-pollination are of the same variety
How did Mendel perform hybridization in his experiments?
By transferring pollen between two different colored flowers
Why did Mendel choose garden peas for his genetic experiments?
For their ease of cultivation and short generation time
What does the Law of Independent Assortment state?
Genes for different traits separate independently during gamete formation.
What advantage is mentioned regarding the shuffling of genes in sexual reproduction?
Many combinations are generated
What is the significance of Mendel's Principle of Dominance?
One allele masks the expression of another allele
Which process involves the separation of genes during gamete formation?
Gene Segregation
How do members of gene pairs behave according to the Law of Independent Assortment?
They segregate independently from each other during gamete formation
In a Punnett square, where is the male genotype usually indicated?
Top
What is the expected outcome when homozygous dominant parents (PP x PP) are crossed?
Polled individuals
When crossing a homozygous dominant parent with a homozygous recessive parent (PP x pp), what is the expected outcome?
All offspring would be heterozygous and polled
What is the genotype ratio expected when crossing a heterozygous parent with a homozygous dominant parent?
1:1 of homozygous dominant to heterozygous
When crossing homozygous recessive parents (pp x pp), what are the expected offspring genotypes?
Homozygous recessive
If an Angus Bull is crossed with a Charolais Cow, what can be inferred about the genotypes of the parents?
Angus Bull: Homozygous dominant; Charolais Cow: Homozygous recessive
If Philip's son inherits a blue eye allele from his mother, what is the most likely genotype of Philip's son?
bb
What is the genotype of Anne's parents with respect to earlobe attachment?
At least one is Ee
In a dihybrid cross between TT PP and tt pp plants, what percentage of the offspring will be tall with purple flowers?
100%
Based on the law of independent assortment, if Mendel observed 50 offspring from a dihybrid cross, how many would you expect to display the tall, white phenotype?
15
If Anne's child inherits the recessive allele for earlobe attachment from her, what is the child's genotype?
ee
In a dihybrid cross between two TtPp plants, what is the probability that an offspring will be tall but with short stem length?
$\frac{3}{16}$
Test your knowledge on Punnett squares used to calculate genotype and phenotype frequencies of offspring from genetic crosses. Understand how male and female genotypes are indicated, and how all possible allele combinations are displayed within the squares.
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