34 Questions
What is the standard treatment for ulcer disease, stomach cancer, and other diseases of the stomach?
Billroth I
Which type of Billroth involves anastomosis of the gastric stump to the duodenum?
Billroth I
What is the main difference between Billroth I and Billroth II?
Anastomosis to duodenum vs. anastomosis to jejunum
What is the definition of anastomotic leak?
Leak at the attachment site
What is the main complication of bile reflux?
Bile flows backward into the stomach or esophagus
What does dumping syndrome refer to?
Food travels to your small intestine before its broken down
What is the main cause of malnutrition after gastrectomy?
Inadequate dietary intake following surgery
What is a possible complication after gastrectomy where parts of the small intestine bulge through the membrane that attaches it to the abdominal wall?
Internal hernia
What does post-surgery gastroparesis refer to?
The stomach doesn't process food as quickly as it should
What is required for regaining energy levels and getting used to new eating habits after gastrectomy?
3-6 months or longer
What does anastomosis refer to in the context of Billroth I and II?
The connection between the gastric stump and small intestine
What is the most common lymphoma found in the stomach?
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Which gene mutation is associated with Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer?
E-cadherin (CDH1)
Which type of gastric cancer has a 'signet ring' appearance?
Early cancer stage (Type IV)
Which cells are responsible for signaling muscles in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to contract and move food and liquid along?
Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)
What is the characteristic histology of GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)?
Bland nuclei with salt and pepper chromatin
Which condition is associated with overexpression of Chromogranin A and Synaptophysin?
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract does Foregut Carcinoid primarily affect?
Stomach, duodenum proximal to ligament of Treitz, esophagus
What is the most common risk factor for GIST?
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Which type of gastric cancer shows minimal invasion into mucosa/submucosa and has well-defined borders?
Early cancer stage (Type IV)
What is the cell of origin for GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)?
Interstitial cell of Cajal
What is the characteristic appearance of Type III Borrmann Classification gastric cancer?
Invasion deep into submucosa, infiltration of tumor cells, irregular borders, no raised margin
What pathogenesis via mutation is associated with GIST?
'Gain of function' mutations in c-KIT and PDGFR-alpha genes
What is the pathogenesis of diffuse infiltrate of high-grade, centroblast-like cells in autoimmune disorders?
Genetic mutations disrupting normal B-cell function
What is the purpose of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?
To decrease the load on the stomach
What surgical procedure involves the surgical removal of all the stomach?
Gastrectomy
What factor determines whether pylorus preservation is performed during partial gastrectomy?
Part of the stomach removed
What is the main effect of staples placed in the stomach during Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?
Diverting food into a small pouch in the upper section
What is the main reason for performing a total gastrectomy as a surgical procedure?
To remove part of the stomach affected by cancer
What is the primary purpose of antibiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal lymphoma?
To treat bacterial infections that contribute to uncontrolled growth
Which virus can alter B-cell signaling pathways and promote cell survival in autoimmune disorders?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
What causes abnormalities in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival?
Genetic mutations disrupting normal B-cell function
What is the effect of partial gastrectomy on pylorus preservation?
Pylorus preservation depends on the part of the stomach removed
What is the purpose of surgical removal of part of the stomach in partial gastrectomy?
To remove cancerous gastric glands entrapped by lymphoma cells
Learn about poorly differentiated signet ring cells seen in both men and women, more common in young individuals, with no known risk factors. Understand the association with E-cadherin gene (CDH1) causing dysplasia and the rare autosomal dominant hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Explore the characteristics of Krukenburg (Ovarian) tumor, including mucin-filled signet ring cells and the cellular stroma background.
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