Signet Ring Cells and Krukenburg Tumor

What is the standard treatment for ulcer disease, stomach cancer, and other diseases of the stomach?

Gastrojejunostomy
Gastroduodenostomy
Billroth II
Billroth I (correct)

Which type of Billroth involves anastomosis of the gastric stump to the duodenum?

Gastroduodenostomy
Billroth I (correct)
Gastrojejunostomy
Billroth II

What is the main difference between Billroth I and Billroth II?

Partial gastrectomy vs. complete gastrectomy
Anastomosis to duodenum vs. anastomosis to jejunum (correct)
Gastroduodenostomy vs. gastrojejunostomy
Removal of antrum and pylorus vs. removal of fundus and body

What is the definition of anastomotic leak?

Leak at the attachment site (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication of bile reflux?

Bile flows backward into the stomach or esophagus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does dumping syndrome refer to?

Food travels to your small intestine before its broken down (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of malnutrition after gastrectomy?

Inadequate dietary intake following surgery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication after gastrectomy where parts of the small intestine bulge through the membrane that attaches it to the abdominal wall?

Internal hernia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does post-surgery gastroparesis refer to?

The stomach doesn't process food as quickly as it should (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for regaining energy levels and getting used to new eating habits after gastrectomy?

3-6 months or longer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does anastomosis refer to in the context of Billroth I and II?

The connection between the gastric stump and small intestine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common lymphoma found in the stomach?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutation is associated with Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer?

E-cadherin (CDH1) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gastric cancer has a 'signet ring' appearance?

Early cancer stage (Type IV) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for signaling muscles in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to contract and move food and liquid along?

Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histology of GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)?

Bland nuclei with salt and pepper chromatin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with overexpression of Chromogranin A and Synaptophysin?

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract does Foregut Carcinoid primarily affect?

Stomach, duodenum proximal to ligament of Treitz, esophagus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common risk factor for GIST?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gastric cancer shows minimal invasion into mucosa/submucosa and has well-defined borders?

Early cancer stage (Type IV) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell of origin for GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)?

Interstitial cell of Cajal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of Type III Borrmann Classification gastric cancer?

Invasion deep into submucosa, infiltration of tumor cells, irregular borders, no raised margin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What pathogenesis via mutation is associated with GIST?

'Gain of function' mutations in c-KIT and PDGFR-alpha genes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of diffuse infiltrate of high-grade, centroblast-like cells in autoimmune disorders?

Genetic mutations disrupting normal B-cell function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?

To decrease the load on the stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure involves the surgical removal of all the stomach?

Gastrectomy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines whether pylorus preservation is performed during partial gastrectomy?

Part of the stomach removed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of staples placed in the stomach during Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?

Diverting food into a small pouch in the upper section (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for performing a total gastrectomy as a surgical procedure?

To remove part of the stomach affected by cancer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antibiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal lymphoma?

To treat bacterial infections that contribute to uncontrolled growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus can alter B-cell signaling pathways and promote cell survival in autoimmune disorders?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes abnormalities in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival?