Signet Ring Cells and Krukenburg Tumor

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Questions and Answers

What is the standard treatment for ulcer disease, stomach cancer, and other diseases of the stomach?

  • Gastrojejunostomy
  • Gastroduodenostomy
  • Billroth II
  • Billroth I (correct)

Which type of Billroth involves anastomosis of the gastric stump to the duodenum?

  • Gastroduodenostomy
  • Billroth I (correct)
  • Gastrojejunostomy
  • Billroth II

What is the main difference between Billroth I and Billroth II?

  • Partial gastrectomy vs. complete gastrectomy
  • Anastomosis to duodenum vs. anastomosis to jejunum (correct)
  • Gastroduodenostomy vs. gastrojejunostomy
  • Removal of antrum and pylorus vs. removal of fundus and body

What is the definition of anastomotic leak?

<p>Leak at the attachment site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication of bile reflux?

<p>Bile flows backward into the stomach or esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dumping syndrome refer to?

<p>Food travels to your small intestine before its broken down (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of malnutrition after gastrectomy?

<p>Inadequate dietary intake following surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication after gastrectomy where parts of the small intestine bulge through the membrane that attaches it to the abdominal wall?

<p>Internal hernia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does post-surgery gastroparesis refer to?

<p>The stomach doesn't process food as quickly as it should (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for regaining energy levels and getting used to new eating habits after gastrectomy?

<p>3-6 months or longer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anastomosis refer to in the context of Billroth I and II?

<p>The connection between the gastric stump and small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common lymphoma found in the stomach?

<p>Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutation is associated with Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer?

<p>E-cadherin (CDH1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gastric cancer has a 'signet ring' appearance?

<p>Early cancer stage (Type IV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for signaling muscles in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to contract and move food and liquid along?

<p>Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histology of GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)?

<p>Bland nuclei with salt and pepper chromatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with overexpression of Chromogranin A and Synaptophysin?

<p>Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract does Foregut Carcinoid primarily affect?

<p>Stomach, duodenum proximal to ligament of Treitz, esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common risk factor for GIST?

<p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gastric cancer shows minimal invasion into mucosa/submucosa and has well-defined borders?

<p>Early cancer stage (Type IV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell of origin for GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)?

<p>Interstitial cell of Cajal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of Type III Borrmann Classification gastric cancer?

<p>Invasion deep into submucosa, infiltration of tumor cells, irregular borders, no raised margin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pathogenesis via mutation is associated with GIST?

<p>'Gain of function' mutations in c-KIT and PDGFR-alpha genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of diffuse infiltrate of high-grade, centroblast-like cells in autoimmune disorders?

<p>Genetic mutations disrupting normal B-cell function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?

<p>To decrease the load on the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure involves the surgical removal of all the stomach?

<p>Gastrectomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines whether pylorus preservation is performed during partial gastrectomy?

<p>Part of the stomach removed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of staples placed in the stomach during Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?

<p>Diverting food into a small pouch in the upper section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for performing a total gastrectomy as a surgical procedure?

<p>To remove part of the stomach affected by cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antibiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal lymphoma?

<p>To treat bacterial infections that contribute to uncontrolled growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus can alter B-cell signaling pathways and promote cell survival in autoimmune disorders?

<p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes abnormalities in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival?

<p>Genetic mutations disrupting normal B-cell function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of partial gastrectomy on pylorus preservation?

<p>Pylorus preservation depends on the part of the stomach removed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of surgical removal of part of the stomach in partial gastrectomy?

<p>To remove cancerous gastric glands entrapped by lymphoma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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