Sickle Cell Anemia and Its Traits
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of the symptoms experienced by individuals with sickle cell anemia?

  • Tissue damage
  • Crescent-like shape of red blood cells (correct)
  • Swelling
  • High fever and severe pain
  • What is the advantage of having the sickle cell trait according to the text?

  • Immunity to malaria (correct)
  • Immunity to high fever
  • Immunity to severe pain
  • Immunity to tissue damage
  • In terms of genetics, what is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  • Genotype refers to dominant traits, phenotype refers to inferior traits.
  • Genotype is genetic makeup, phenotype is physical characteristics. (correct)
  • Genotype is physical characteristics inherited from parents, phenotype is genetic makeup.
  • Genotype controls characteristics, phenotype carries sequences of DNA.
  • What term is used to describe a specific version of a gene?

    <p>Allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does polygenic mean in the context of genetics?

    <p>Controlled by more than one gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interaction does environmental interaction refer to in genetics?

    <p>Unique interplay between genetics and surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Clogged blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sickle cell trait differ from full-blown sickle cell disease?

    <p>Sickle cell trait individuals are immune to Malaria, while full-blown sickle cell individuals are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the sickle cell trait in terms of protection against Malaria?

    <p>It provides immunity to Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

    <p>Genotype and phenotype interact to determine physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'allele' refer to in genetics?

    <p>A specific version of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetics, what characterizes a homozygous individual?

    <p>They have two identical alleles for a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genes in contributing to certain patterns of behavior and cognition?

    <p>Partially control certain characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do evolutionary psychologists primarily focus on studying?

    <p>Universal behavior patterns evolved over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an individual?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetics, what does being homozygous mean?

    <p>Having two copies of the same allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between genotype and phenotype?

    <p>Genotype is genetic makeup, while phenotype is physical characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to a species' adaptation to its environment?

    <p>Gene variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from a sudden and permanent change in a gene?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a characteristic controlled by more than one gene?

    <p>Polygenic trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'allele' specifically represent?

    <p>A specific version of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the unique interaction between an individual's genetic makeup and their environment?

    <p>Gene-environment interplay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics

    • Symptoms of sickle cell anemia primarily arise from the distortion of red blood cells, which impairs blood flow and leads to pain and potential organ damage.
    • Individuals with the sickle cell trait have a genetic advantage as they possess some resistance to malaria, while not suffering from the full effects of sickle cell disease.
    • Genotype refers to the specific genetic constitution of an individual, while phenotype encompasses the physical expression of those genes influenced by environmental factors.
    • An allele represents a specific version of a gene, contributing to variations in traits.
    • Polygenic implies that a characteristic is influenced by multiple genes, rather than a single gene.
    • Environmental interaction in genetics involves how environmental factors affect the expression of genes and phenotypes.
    • Sickle cell anemia is characterized by the production of hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped under low oxygen conditions.
    • The sickle cell trait differs from full-blown sickle cell disease in that carriers (trait individuals) typically do not exhibit severe symptoms, unlike those with the disease who face significant health challenges.
    • The sickle cell trait's significance lies in its protection against malaria; individuals with the trait may have enhanced survival rates in malaria-endemic regions.
    • Genotype and phenotype are interrelated, as genotype determines the genetic potential for a phenotype but environmental factors also play a crucial role in phenotype expression.
    • In genetics, an allele indicates alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation.
    • A homozygous individual has two identical alleles for a specific gene, affecting trait expression.
    • Genes play a substantial role in shaping behaviors and cognitive processes, linking genetics and psychology.
    • Evolutionary psychologists primarily study the underlying psychological traits shaped by evolutionary processes.
    • The genetic makeup of an individual is referred to as their genotype.
    • Being homozygous means possessing identical alleles for a specific trait.
    • Differences between genotype and phenotype are significant, with genotype being the genetic basis while phenotype represents observable traits.
    • Adaptation to the environment is influenced by natural selection and genetic variability within a species.
    • A mutation results from a sudden and permanent change in a gene, which can lead to new traits or diseases.
    • A characteristic controlled by more than one gene is known as polygenic, contributing to the complexity of inherited traits.
    • Alleles specifically represent variations of a gene that can manifest in different ways within individuals.
    • The concept of gene-environment interaction describes the unique influences of genetic makeup on how individuals respond to their environment.

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    Description

    Explore the genetic disease of sickle cell anemia, which causes red blood cells to have a crescent-like shape. Learn about the symptoms it can lead to, the difference between sickle cell trait and full-blown sickle cell, and how carriers are immune to malaria.

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