Anatomy - MSK 4 MCQ (MD2)

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the shoulder?

Why is the mobility of the pectoral girdle significant?

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the sternoclavicular joint?

Why is the acromioclavicular joint commonly injured?

What is the primary function of the scapulothoracic joint?

The shoulder complex can be divided into 3 categories by which muscles attach to the humerus, scapula, or trunk. Which of the following is the most accurate?

In what plane does the majority of shoulder movements function in animals without a clavicle?

What is the functional significance of the clavicle in animals that use their forelimbs for manipulation?

Terrestrial quadrupeds that are gallopers often lack a clavicle. How does ground contact relate to the absence of the clavicle in these animals?

What developmental process is disrupted in cleidocranial dysplasia?

What term describes the condition where a false joint forms due to a clavicle fracture failing to heal properly?

Scapular movements are significantly influenced, if not regulated, by which bone?

What action places the clavicle under net compression?

During upward rotation of the scapula, which of the following muscles is LEAST involved?

In the context of shoulder evolution, what is an 'Atavistic epiphysis?'

What is the clinical relevance of the coraco-scapular epiphyseal plate?

Which of the following rotator cuff muscles does NOT insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?

What is the key functional role of the rotator cuff muscles?

When the Long Thoracic Nerve is injured, what muscles is directly affected?

Why is the glenohumeral joint inherently unstable?

What is the MOST likely cause of 'Muscle-Patterning Instability'?

During glenohumeral joint abduction, which muscle acts as the primary mover?

Which scapular movement is primarily driven by ventral muscles?

During glenohumeral flexion, which of the following muscles is LEAST involved?

What is the MOST important consideration when attaching the humerus to the trunk?

Which of the following muscles is considered a 'dorsal' muscle that can perform flexion?

During glenohumeral adduction, which muscles are MORE able to bring the arm back towards the body?

Which movement of the arm is MOST optimized by the Biceps LH (Long Head)?

The trapezius muscle has 3 distinct sections. Which of the following option is an accurate description of the sections?

When considering the innervation of muscles originating from ventral skeletal elements, what pattern is typically observed?

Why can't the scapula rotate about its vertical axis and 'flap out?'

Which structure is responsible for adhering the scapula to the ribcage?

When preventing external/lateral rotation, which movement is being prevented?

What is the primary function of the ligaments surrounding the glenohumeral joint?

Which of the following is NOT a listed purpose for Glenohumeral Extension?

When considering the action of BOTH scapula and glenohumeral muscles, the lattisimus dorsi's origin can be best described as:

Which term is the MOST directly related to the serratus anterior?

What action is the MOST dependent on the shoulder girdle's unique positioning capabilities?

Aside from the sternoclavicular joint, what primarily secures the upper limb to the trunk?

Which joint allows the most movement of the shoulder complex?

Regarding injury, which joint is the MOST commonly affected in the shoulder complex?

Which statement best describes the movement capabilities of the major shoulder girdle joints?

What functional challenge is presented by the high degree of mobility in the shoulder complex?

How might deficiencies in one shoulder joint be compensated for within the shoulder complex?

In terrestrial quadrupeds, what is the PRIMARY effect of clavicle reduction or absence on limb function?

What factor makes the ground a 'secure base' for terrestrial quadrupeds that lack a clavicle?

What mechanical function does the clavicle serve in movements involving pulling or grasping?

What is the MOST direct effect of muscle action on the clavicle?

If an individual struggles to position their limb efficiently for a specific task, which structure is MOST likely affecting this ability?

What broader evolutionary trend explains the coracoid process being reduced in humans to an 'Atavistic epiphysis?'

Among the listed muscles, which is LEAST directly involved in movements unique to the glenohumeral joint?

Which characteristic is unique to muscles that act specifically on the glenohumeral joint?

Why is it essential to maintain the humeral head centered within the glenoid fossa?

What type of tissue is MOST responsible for the inherent stability of the glenohumeral joint?

When the nervous system fails to coordinate muscular contractions around a joint, what condition is MOST likely present?

During glenohumeral joint abduction, what is the PRIMARY role of the supraspinatus muscle?

Which of the following is the MOST critical consideration for the rotator cuff muscles?

Damage to muscle attachments attaching the humerus to the scapula will affect what?

Which anatomical feature contributes MOST to the inherent instability of the glenohumeral joint?

Which property of the ligaments surrounding the glenohumeral joint is responsible for the joint's flexibility?

In addition to concentric contractions, what type of muscle action is essential for controlled limb movements?

What is the MOST important role these muscles play for movements completed by the glenohumeral joint? (Select all that apply)

What is the MAIN action of dorsal scapular muscles?

What is the common function of muscles originating from ventral skeletal elements?

How do the rhomboids and serratus anterior interact to stabilize the scapula?

What is the result of long thoracic nerve damage?

During glenohumeral flexion, the muscles of the shoulder can be described as performing what function?

What muscles would be the MOST important when attempting to extend the glenohumeral joint?

What prevents the upward or posterior dislocation of the shoulder?

In the frontal plane, what action brings the arm back toward the trunk?

What muscle IS NOT commonly involved in adduction?

What prevents the abduction of a glenohumeral joint?

During glenohumeral abduction, the deltoid can be described as performing what function?

For transverse abduction (external/lateral rotation), which muscles are activated?

For internal (medial) rotation of the glenohumeral joint, which muscles are activated?

What activity would glenohumeral transverse adduction NOT assist with?

Why can the deltoid perform all glenohumeral movements?

What innervation is described as unique?

In the context of shoulder joint evolution, the reduction of the coracoid process in humans to an 'Atavistic epiphysis' MOST directly reflects a shift towards what?

Considering the interplay between scapular and glenohumeral joint movements, what is the MOST critical implication of long thoracic nerve damage beyond 'scapular winging'?

Given that the deltoid muscle can perform all glenohumeral movements, what biomechanical principle MOST accounts for its versatility despite individual fibers having specific lines of action?

Considering the role of ligaments in the glenohumeral joint, what is the most significant trade-off imposed by the joint's inherent laxity?

In a quadruped exhibiting reduced clavicle size, what compensatory adaptation in scapular morphology would MOST effectively mitigate the loss of clavicular strut function?

In the context of glenohumeral joint abduction, how does the orientation of the glenoid fossa relative to the scapular plane influence muscle recruitment patterns?

Why might a muscle such as the deltoid—primarily considered a dorsal muscle—possess the capacity to contribute to glenohumeral flexion?

Considering the force-couple relationship between the rhomboids and serratus anterior, what specific kinematic impairment would be observed if the neural drive to the serratus anterior were selectively augmented without corresponding excitation of the rhomboids?

If a patient exhibits an inability to perform glenohumeral transverse adduction effectively, which of the following activities would they MOST likely find difficult?

Beyond its role in preventing anterior dislocation, what more subtle, yet critical, function does the coracoacromial ligament serve in optimizing glenohumeral joint mechanics?

What is the MAIN function of the lower limb muscles?

According to the information given, the actions of lower limb eccentric muscle contractions are MOSTLY in response to what?

Which nerve innervates the muscles found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Which muscles can be found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

The gluteal nerve innervates which compartment of the thigh?

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

From which anatomical structure do all compartments of the thigh share a connection?

Based on the information provided, which statement BEST describes the developmental orientation of the anterior thigh compartment?

What action is typical of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Which of the following muscles crosses both the hip and knee joint?

Which nerve primarily innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Which key characteristic defines a muscle as a hamstring?

What is the common anatomical origin for muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

What is the name given to the common insertion of tendons on the medial side of the tibial tuberosity?

The Pes Anserinus is the common insertion of three muscles from 3 different compartments. Which three muscles make up the Pes Anserinus?

What is the MOST likely functional consequence of fracturing the femoral neck?

Why does the innervation pattern of adductor magnus and pectineus NOT align with the general innervation pattern for other muscles of the thigh?

Based on the information provided, what is a key biomechanical function of the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) in relation to the gluteus maximus?

Based on the location, what nerve innervates the lesser gluteal muscles and TFL (tensor fasciae latae)?

How does the innervation of the short head of the biceps femoris DIFFER from the long head, despite their shared action of knee flexion?

Which of the following is an accurate descriptor of the Vastus Intermedius?

What is a key distinction between the adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles regarding their orientation?

What functional adaptation is suggested by long muscle fibers in the posterior thigh?

What is the MOST LIKELY effect if the femoral nerve's sensory fibers are severed along the line of the sartorius muscle?

For the rare muscles that originate from the ilium and perform ventral actions (flexion/adduction), they can be described as:

In lower limb anatomy, which term BEST describes the muscles originating from the vertebral column?

Based on the information provided, why is the concept of muscle 'compartments' in the lateral thigh considered 'inconsistent' in practice?

Which of the following muscles is LEAST likely to be directly involved in hip abduction?

In contrast to other adductor muscles innervated by the obturator nerve, what additional innervation does the pectineus muscle receive and from what nerve?

What is the functional consequence of both the rectus femoris and sartorius crossing the hip and knee joint, compared to muscles that only cross one of these joints?

What is the PRIMARY action of muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

What statement best summarizes how muscles attach dorsal vs ventral in the thigh?

Why is the common fibular nerve damage important when considering the function of the biceps femoris?

If a patient has difficulty with internal rotation of the thigh, which group of muscles is MOST likely affected?

One function of the lower limb is locomotion. Therefore, if you reversed where all muscles attached on the sartorius, what would be the resulting loss of function?

Given the developmental divergence observed in the lower limb, which statement BEST encapsulates the relationship between anatomical compartment and embryonic origin for the quadriceps femoris?

In circumstances of femoral neck fracture, the consequent conversion of adductors to external rotators primarily stems from what biomechanical alteration?

Considering the dual innervation pattern observed in adductor magnus and pectineus, what is the MOST compelling evolutionary explanation for this phenomenon?

Given the 'inconsistent' nature of muscle compartments in the lateral thigh, what neuroanatomical criterion would be MOST reliable in delineating boundaries for research purposes?

If an experimental intervention selectively augmented the tensile strength of the fascia lata, what compensatory adaptation would MOST likely occur in the gluteus maximus over time?

In a scenario involving complete transection of the sensory fibers of the femoral nerve along the path of the sartorius, what specific sensory deficit would MOST accurately characterize the patient's condition?

Considering the architectural adaptations of posterior thigh muscles, what biophysical principle MOST directly links long muscle fiber length to increased functional range of motion at the knee and hip?

Given the anatomical arrangement of the Pes Anserinus, what biomechanical implication arises from the convergent insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus on the medial tibia?

If one were to selectively reverse the attachment sites of the sartorius muscle—origin to insertion and vice versa—what IMMEDIATE functional deficit would MOST severely compromise locomotion?

Considering the evolutionary and developmental context of the lower limb, what selective pressure MOST likely drove the partitioning of the thigh musculature into distinct anterior, medial, and posterior compartments?

Given the clinical significance of common fibular nerve damage in relation to biceps femoris function, what specific alteration in gait biomechanics would be MOST indicative of isolated compromise to the short head of this muscle?

In contrast to the hamstrings, the adductor magnus is a unique muscle with dual innervation and actions. How would you describe a compound movement that only involved the adductor magnus?

In contrast to the hamstrings, the sartorius is not known as an effective hamstring, performing flexion mostly in its synergist role. What 3 actions make up the movement of the sartorius?

A patient presents with a pronounced Trendelenburg gait, hip instability, and difficulty abducting the thigh specifically when the hip is flexed. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely compromised?

What key characteristic defines a classic hamstring muscle regarding innervation and region?

During the stance phase of the gait cycle, what type of muscle contraction is MOSTLY responsible for controlling movements?

Which of the following BEST describes the primary role of lower limb muscles during the swing phase of the gait cycle?

Why is minimizing vertical and lateral displacement of the center of gravity (CoG) important for efficient walking?

What is the MOST accurate description of 'ground reaction' during locomotion?

What happens at the 'toe off' stage of the gait cycle?

During the stance phase of the gait cycle, what action occurs in the sagittal plane?

In the swing phase of the gait cycle, which movement occurs in the sagittal plane?

What muscle action occurs just before the swing phase to slow hip extension?

During the swing phase, what is the MOST LIKELY function of the hamstring muscles?

In the frontal plane, what hip movement occurs during the swing phase?

During the stance phase, which type of muscle contraction is primarily used by hip abductors?

What action BEST describes the motion resisted by hip abductors during the initial contact (heel strike) phase of gait?

In the transverse plane, what is the PRIMARY hip movement during the stance phase?

What is the MAIN hip movement in the transverse plane during the swing phase?

In a normal gait cycle, what is the PRIMARY function of momentum?

What BEST describes the role of eccentric muscle contractions in walking?

What MOST ACCURATELY describes how humans initiate walking from a standstill?

Which of the following is the MAIN objective of the body's compensatory mechanisms when hip abductor muscles are weak?

What is the MOST noticeable characteristic of a Trendelenburg gait?

What is the PRIMARY strategy used to prevent hip flexion during the initial contact (heel strike) phase in a patient with extensor insufficiency?

In the context of gait, what is the MOST common compensatory mechanism employed when hip flexors are insufficient?

During the stance phase, hip adduction is resisted by what type of contraction?

Which of the following is MOST responsible for bringing the foot underneath the pelvis during the swing phase?

What is the purpose of trunk rotation during the swing phase?

Which gait is MOST associated with hip abductor weakness?

Which gait is MOST associated with hip extensor weakness?

The swing phase is characterized by what sort of muscle contractions?

The forward movement of the limb during the swing phase is called what?

What happens during double support?

What is TRUE regarding how 'walking' is initiated?

Compared to running, how is walking on ground different?

During normal gait, which of the following best describes how adductors work?

Consider the transition from stance to swing. What will the adductors assist in completing?

If no muscles contracted and the body was relying on momentum, which action would MOST assist with?

How does the body utilize energy to make walking more efficient?

Consider a patient that can no longer stabilize their pelvis. Which action would be diminished?

What action happens at initial contact?

What action happens during mid-stance?

During toe-off (terminal stance), the center of gravity (CoG) is at its ______.

Why are eccentric contractions important during the stance phase of the gait cycle?

In the swing phase of the gait cycle, limb shortening is achieved by what means?

What principle is MOSTLY responsible for moving limbs through their full range of motion efficiently?

What are the main factors determining walking efficiency?

During the stance phase, what type of hip movement occurs in the sagittal plane?

In the swing phase of the gait cycle, the concentric contraction of hip adductors facilitates which action?

How does trunk rotation assist lower limb function during gait?

In a patient exhibiting Trendelenburg gait, why does the trunk shift towards the stance side?

A person with hip flexor insufficiency compensates by using transverse plane movements. What does this entail?

Why might an individual with hip extensor weakness lean their torso posteriorly during stance phase?

In the context of gait analysis, if a patient exhibits excessive vertical displacement of their center of gravity (CoG) during walking, what biomechanical adaptation would MOST effectively mitigate this inefficiency, assuming no pathological conditions are present?

During the stance phase of gait, if the iliopsoas and adductor muscles exhibit an 'eccentric antagonistic contraction' just before the swing phase, what best describes the functional implication of this subtle 'braking' component?

If the concentric contraction of hip adductors is the MAIN driver for a patient's swing phase, what is the MOST likely consequence regarding their gait?

In the context of transverse plane hip movements during gait, what is the MOST critical implication if the trunk fails to internally rotate over a fixed limb during the stance phase?

In the case of pathological gait resulting from hip flexor insufficiency, what biomechanical strategy is the MOST neurologically efficient adaptation for initiating limb advancement during the swing phase, minimizing energy expenditure?

During the stance phase, what is the relationship between ground reaction force (GRF), gravity (G), body weight (BW) and hip adduction?

In a normal gait cycle, how would you describe the momentum throughout the swing phase and stance phase?

What is the MOST likely adaptation if a patient presents extensor insufficiency?

What is the MOST accurate description of walking, when initiating from a standstill?

When comparing walking and running, what requirements are increased?