Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of Short Bowel Syndrome?
Surgical resection of the small intestine
What is a common symptom of Short Bowel Syndrome?
Diarrhea
What is a type of nutritional support used to manage Short Bowel Syndrome?
Enteral nutrition
What is a complication of Short Bowel Syndrome?
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What is a surgical intervention used to manage Short Bowel Syndrome?
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What percentage of the small intestine must be removed to cause Short Bowel Syndrome?
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Study Notes
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
Definition
- A malabsorptive disorder caused by the removal of a significant portion of the small intestine, typically more than 50% of the total length.
- Results in inadequate nutrient absorption and malnutrition.
Causes
- Surgical resection of the small intestine due to:
- Trauma
- Cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Intestinal obstruction
- Volvulus
- Congenital anomalies
- Mesenteric ischemia
Symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Steatorrhea (fatty stools)
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Management
- Nutritional support:
- Parenteral nutrition (PN)
- Enteral nutrition (EN)
- Oral nutrition
- Medications:
- Anti-diarrheal agents
- Anti-secretory agents
- Pro-motility agents
- Surgical interventions:
- Intestinal lengthening
- Intestinal transplantation
- Rehabilitation and counseling
Complications
- Malnutrition and related complications
- Electrolyte and acid-base imbalances
- Infections (e.g., central line-associated bloodstream infections)
- Liver disease (e.g., PN-associated liver disease)
- Renal impairment
- Osteoporosis
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
Definition
- Caused by removal of >50% of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption and malnutrition.
Causes
- Surgical resection due to trauma, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal obstruction, or volvulus.
- Congenital anomalies, such as intestinal atresia or stenosis.
- Mesenteric ischemia, resulting from reduced blood flow to the intestine.
Symptoms
- Diarrhea, often with steatorrhea (fatty stools).
- Weight loss, fatigue, and dehydration.
- Electrolyte imbalances, potentially leading to muscle weakness and cramps.
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, including vitamin B12 deficiency.
Management
- Nutritional support: parenteral nutrition (PN), enteral nutrition (EN), and oral nutrition.
- Medications: anti-diarrheal agents, anti-secretory agents, and pro-motility agents.
- Surgical interventions: intestinal lengthening and intestinal transplantation.
- Rehabilitation and counseling to address psychological and social aspects of SBS.
Complications
- Malnutrition and related complications, such as poor wound healing and impaired immune function.
- Electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, potentially leading to seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.
- Infections, including central line-associated bloodstream infections.
- Liver disease, such as PN-associated liver disease, and liver failure.
- Renal impairment and kidney disease.
- Osteoporosis, increasing the risk of fractures.
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