Shock States and Management Quiz

False (B)

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

<p>cardiac contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemic = Severe dehydration or blood loss Cardiogenic = Heart failure Distributive = Vasodilation and septic processes Obstructive = Mechanical obstruction to blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 3 (irreversible) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, or abnormal white blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood loss or severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ECG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase myocardial oxygen delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemic Shock = Decreased circulating volume Cardiogenic Shock = Loss of contractile function of the heart Neurogenic Shock = Peripheral vasodilation due to sympathetic loss Anaphylactic Shock = Life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized organ dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase cardiac output and decrease left ventricular workload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (C), Troponin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoring intravascular volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SIRS = Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ARDS = Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome DIC = Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation CRRT = Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translocation of bacterial toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic shock is defined as severe sepsis with hypotension, despite adequate fluid resuscitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>metabolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia = Increased heart rate commonly seen in septic shock Hypotension = Low blood pressure that persists despite treatment Edema = Swelling due to fluid accumulation in tissues Respiratory rate = Increased breathing rate as a compensatory mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoring intravascular volume and maintaining cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restore circulating volume with crystalloids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase myocardial oxygen delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemic Shock = Decreased circulating volume from blood loss Cardiogenic Shock = Myocardial infarction Neurogenic Shock = Loss of sympathetic innervation Anaphylactic Shock = Severe allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest tightness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>offending antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiogenic Shock = Hypotension and decreased cardiac output Anaphylactic Shock = Generalized erythema and urticaria Neurogenic Shock = Bradycardia and hypothermia Septic Shock = Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>delivered</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemic = Inadequate circulating volume due to blood loss Cardiogenic = Reduced cardiac output due to heart failure Distributive = Vasodilation leading to pooling of blood Obstructive = External factors impeding blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cool and clammy skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sudden blood loss or severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis associated with hypoperfusion or hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of altered organ function requiring intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing anti-inflammatory medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary leak leading to ARDS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothermia or fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of mucosal barrier function leading to bacterial toxins entering circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use crystalloids such as lactated Ringer's first (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral vasodilation leading to hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated BNP levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reestablishing sympathetic tone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximize cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection from bacteria, fungi, or viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurogenic shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased delivery of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 2 (progressive) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal and essential activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemic shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cool and clammy skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of sympathetic tone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized activation of coagulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A life-threatening condition caused by overwhelming infection, leading to widespread inflammation, blood clotting problems, and organ dysfunction.

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a generalized inflammatory response that can occur in response to a variety of insults, including infection, trauma, and surgery. It is characterized by at least two of the following five criteria: fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, increased white blood cell count, or decreased white blood cell count with more than 10% immature forms.

The presence of SIRS with a known or suspected infection.

Sepsis with organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion, or hypotension.

A state of severe sepsis with persistent hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation.

A potentially life-threatening complication of sepsis where multiple organs fail, often due to widespread inflammation and blood clotting problems.

The loss of integrity of the mucosal barrier in the gut, allowing bacterial toxins to leak into the bloodstream and cause damage to multiple organs.

The presence of small blood clots within the microcirculation, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage.

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion caused by a decrease in circulating blood volume often resulting from blood loss or severe dehydration.

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion caused by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively.

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion caused by widespread vasodilation, leading to a drop in blood pressure.

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion caused by an obstruction in the cardiovascular system, such as a pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade.

The systemic release of inflammatory mediators due to an insult, often initiated by infection, trauma, or surgery.

The body's natural response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat.

Compensatory mechanisms often kick in during shock to maintain blood flow and pressure. These include increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and fluid retention.

A stage of shock where compensatory mechanisms are effective in maintaining relatively normal vital signs and tissue perfusion.

A stage of shock where compensatory mechanisms start to fail, leading to metabolic and circulatory derangements.

Distributive shock caused by a loss of sympathetic nervous system function, resulting in widespread vasodilation and blood pooling.

Distributive shock caused by a severe, immediate allergic reaction, resulting in widespread vasodilation and a drop in blood pressure.

The priority in managing hypovolemic shock is to restore circulating blood volume.

The goal of managing cardiogenic shock is to improve the heart's function and decrease the workload on the left ventricle.

Management of neurogenic shock focuses on addressing the underlying cause and using fluids and vasopressors to restore blood pressure and regulate the heart rate.

The management of anaphylactic shock involves immediate recognition and removal of the offending agent, followed by appropriate medications to address the allergic reaction.

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion, meaning the body's tissues aren't receiving enough blood and oxygen. This leads to a cascade of physiological changes aimed at restoring blood flow to vital organs.

A condition where the body's immune system overreacts, causing widespread inflammation throughout the body. Think of it like a fire alarm going off in every room of your house.

A serious complication that can occur when SIRS progresses to organ dysfunction. This occurs when the body's inflammatory response causes damage to multiple organs, leading to organ failure.

A critical stage where the body's compensatory mechanisms start to fail, leading to imbalances in vital functions and organ dysfunction. Essentially, the body's attempts to maintain normal function begin to falter.

Involves restoring circulating volume with fluids (crystalloids), and if needed, blood products.

Goals are to increase oxygen delivery to the heart, maximize heart output, and minimize the workload on the heart.

Include using an intra-aortic balloon pump to assist heart function, managing fluid balance (diuresis or fluids), and providing pain relief and sedation.

Involves removing the offending allergen, administering medication like epinephrine, fluids, steroids, and bronchodilators.

Involves careful monitoring of vital signs, respiratory status, and managing any electrolyte imbalances.

The first step is to restore circulating volume with crystalloids (e.g., LR's), followed by blood products if needed.

A condition where the body’s tissues aren’t receiving enough blood and oxygen, resulting in a cascade of physiological changes aimed at restoring blood flow to vital organs.

The goal of managing cardiogenic shock is to improve the heart's function and decrease the workload on the left ventricle.

An important early indicator of systemic inflammation, often caused by infections, trauma, or surgery. It involves 2 or more of the following: fever/hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, high/low WBC count, altered mental status.

A serious complication of sepsis, affecting multiple organs in a cascade of failure. This occurs when the body's inflammatory response to a severe infection overwhelms the body's ability to function properly.

A complex process of restoring a patient's stability during septic shock. It involves treating the infection itself, addressing blood volume, supporting the heart, ensuring good breathing, managing blood clotting, and supplying adequate nutrients.

A critical aspect of treating MODS, involving preventing new infections, addressing hemodynamic and metabolic imbalances, and providing support to affected organs while the body fights to recover

A combination of treatments, including continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and low tidal volume ventilation, used to support a person's organs during MODS.

A potentially life-threatening complication where multiple organs fail due to the body's inflammatory response. It's the worst-case scenario of SIRS, where damage is widespread.

Local inflammation spreads and activates systemic responses, leading to generalized activation of inflammation and coagulation. Think of it like a small fire spreading and turning into a wildfire.