Shock

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of shock?

Stimulation of the inflammatory responses

Respiratory underperfusion

Decreased coagulation (correct)

Circulatory underperfusion

Which of the following is a characteristic of shock regardless of its underlying cause?

Increased coagulation

Stimulation of the inflammatory responses

Acute alteration of circulation (correct)

Respiratory underperfusion

Which of the following is a consequence of stimulation of the inflammatory responses in shock?

Circulatory underperfusion

Increased coagulation

Respiratory underperfusion

Multiple organ failure (correct)

Which of the following is a common manifestation of shock?

Decreased urine output Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of shock?

Increased urine output Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of shock?

Pale and clammy skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of abnormal tissue perfusion resulting in shock?

Failure of the heart to act as an effective pump Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of abnormal tissue perfusion resulting in shock?

Increased tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by low preload due to reduced intravascular volume?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which etiology is NOT commonly associated with cardiogenic shock?

Sepsis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

Distributive shock Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of hypovolaemic shock?

Pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of non-hemorrhagic losses leading to hypovolaemic shock?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of hypovolaemic shock?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

Neurogenic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of hypovolemic shock?

Pulseless Electrical Activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in hypovolemic shock?

Increased glomerular filtration rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of impaired myocardial contractility in hypovolemic shock?

Inadequate oxygen delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the equation used to calculate blood pressure?

BP = CO × PVR Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a compensatory response of the heart to low blood flow in vessels?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of impaired myocardial contractility in hypovolemic shock?

Myocardial ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of shock?

Cold, pale, or mottled extremities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of cardiogenic shock?

Severe tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of cardiogenic shock?

Poor organ perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of pulmonary edema in cardiogenic shock?

Build-up of blood in the venous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of impaired myocardial contractility in cardiogenic shock?

Low cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

Hypotension and inadequate organ perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of neurogenic shock?

Adrenal insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of anaphylactic shock?

Severe bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of distributive shock?

Sepsis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a compensatory response of the heart to low blood flow in vessels?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of an increased difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Bounding Pulses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to obstructive shock?

Cardiac tamponade Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the venous pressure in obstructive shock?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of obstructive shock in the brain?

Cerebral hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of obstructive shock?

Peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of severe hemorrhage?

Decreased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of shock resulting from the escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel?

Hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a negative-feedback mechanism that raises arterial blood pressure toward normal in response to a reduction in pressure?

Renal conservation of salt and water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a compensatory response of the body to hemorrhage?

Reduced blood volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sympathetic activation in response to hemorrhage?

Decreased renal perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of increased sympathetic activity during the immediate compensatory response to hemorrhage?

Vasoconstriction of arterioles and veins Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released during the immediate compensatory response to hemorrhage and induces vasoconstriction?

Vasopressin (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is stimulated during the immediate compensatory response to hemorrhage and plays a role in increasing blood volume?

Renin-angiotensin system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary driving force for the use of autologous blood transfusion?

To reduce the risk of transmission of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of reduced hydrostatic pressure in capillary (Pc) and increased oncotic pressure in tissues (πi) in haemorrhage?

Favors reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What happens to tissue hydrostatic pressure (Pi) in dehydration?

It is reduced Signup and view all the answers

What factors favor the use of autologous blood transfusion?

Reduced risk of infection transmission and scarce resource protection Signup and view all the answers

Shock

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of shock?

Which of the following is a characteristic of shock regardless of its underlying cause?

Which of the following is a consequence of stimulation of the inflammatory responses in shock?

Which of the following is a common manifestation of shock?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of shock?

Which of the following is a sign of shock?

Which of the following is a potential cause of abnormal tissue perfusion resulting in shock?

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of abnormal tissue perfusion resulting in shock?

Which type of shock is characterized by low preload due to reduced intravascular volume?

Which etiology is NOT commonly associated with cardiogenic shock?

Which type of shock is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of hypovolaemic shock?

Which of the following is a potential cause of non-hemorrhagic losses leading to hypovolaemic shock?

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of hypovolaemic shock?

Which type of shock is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of hypovolemic shock?

Which of the following is a consequence of activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in hypovolemic shock?

Which of the following is a potential cause of impaired myocardial contractility in hypovolemic shock?

Which of the following is the equation used to calculate blood pressure?

Which of the following is a compensatory response of the heart to low blood flow in vessels?

Which of the following is a potential cause of impaired myocardial contractility in hypovolemic shock?

Which of the following is a sign of shock?

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of cardiogenic shock?

Which of the following is a consequence of cardiogenic shock?

Which of the following is a potential cause of pulmonary edema in cardiogenic shock?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of impaired myocardial contractility in cardiogenic shock?

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of neurogenic shock?

Which of the following is a consequence of anaphylactic shock?

Which of the following is a potential cause of distributive shock?

Which of the following is a compensatory response of the heart to low blood flow in vessels?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of an increased difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Which of the following conditions can lead to obstructive shock?

What happens to the venous pressure in obstructive shock?

What is a potential consequence of obstructive shock in the brain?

Which of the following is a sign of obstructive shock?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of severe hemorrhage?

Which of the following is a potential cause of shock resulting from the escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel?

Which of the following is an example of a negative-feedback mechanism that raises arterial blood pressure toward normal in response to a reduction in pressure?

Which of the following is a compensatory response of the body to hemorrhage?

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sympathetic activation in response to hemorrhage?

Which of the following is a consequence of increased sympathetic activity during the immediate compensatory response to hemorrhage?

Which hormone is released during the immediate compensatory response to hemorrhage and induces vasoconstriction?

Which of the following is stimulated during the immediate compensatory response to hemorrhage and plays a role in increasing blood volume?

Which of the following is the primary driving force for the use of autologous blood transfusion?

What is the net effect of reduced hydrostatic pressure in capillary (Pc) and increased oncotic pressure in tissues (πi) in haemorrhage?

What happens to tissue hydrostatic pressure (Pi) in dehydration?

What factors favor the use of autologous blood transfusion?

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