SECTION I Headache Pain Syndromes

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What are the risk factors for reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus?

Old age, poor immune function, and previous chickenpox infection

Old age, poor immune function, and recent chickenpox infection (correct)

Young age, strong immune function, and recent chickenpox infection

Middle age, strong immune function, and previous shingles infection

Which virus is the causative agent for shingles?

Varicella zoster virus (correct)

Hepatitis C virus

Influenza virus

Human papillomavirus

What distinguishes shingles from other oral blistering conditions?

It heals within 10-14 days

It causes tooth loss

It appears as opaque blisters

It only involves one side of the mouth (correct)

Which virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus, but belongs to the same family of herpesviruses?

Varicella zoster virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated range of new cases per year of shingles among healthy individuals?

1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 person-years Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a person who has all the symptoms of shingles except the characteristic rash?

Zoster sine herpete Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branch is most commonly involved when the trigeminal nerve is affected by shingles?

Ophthalmic division Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of a migraine attack immediately precedes the headache?

Aura phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of aura experienced by people with migraines?

Visual aura Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a migraine attack lasting longer than 72 hours?

Status migrainosus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of migraine headaches?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for migraine headache?

Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of a basilar migraine?

Blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with migraines experience nausea?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic influence of likelihood to develop migraine according to studies of twins?

34% to 51% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common type of primary headache?

Tension headache Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is tension-type headache most prevalent in?

30-39 years old Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all headaches are accounted for by tension-type headaches?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH)?

Headache for 15 days or more per month Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of frequent tension-type headache (TTH)?

Headache for 10 or more episodes over 1-14 days per month Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of tension-type headache?

NMDA receptor activation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tension-type headaches?

Pulsating quality Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a risk factor for tension-type headaches?

Old age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of cluster headaches?

Neck pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of cluster headaches?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of the pain during a cluster headache?

Around the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the preliminary sensations of pain in the general area of attack before a cluster headache?

Shadows Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias

Migraine headache Signup and view all the answers

Which medication type has the shortest delay between taking it too often and developing medication overuse headaches (MOH)?

Triptans Signup and view all the answers

What is the most probable cause of medication overuse headaches (MOH)?

Genetic disposition Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be avoided as an abortive treatment for migraine headaches?

Opioids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common reason that leads to medication overuse headache (MOH)?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) in the general population?

Between 1% and 2% Signup and view all the answers

How is medication overuse headache (MOH) classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)?

Secondary headache Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is affected in occipital neuralgia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is typically associated with occipital neuralgia?

Lancinating or stabbing pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)?

Female gender Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of IIH?

Severe headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for IIH?

Acetazolamide Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is most commonly affected in individuals with IIH?

Abducens nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundoscopic finding in IIH?

Papilledema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of secondary intracranial hypertension?

Hormonal contraceptives Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the cause of IIH?

Obstruction of draining veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of IIH?