45 Questions
What are the risk factors for reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus?
Old age, poor immune function, and recent chickenpox infection
Which virus is the causative agent for shingles?
Varicella zoster virus
What distinguishes shingles from other oral blistering conditions?
It only involves one side of the mouth
Which virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus, but belongs to the same family of herpesviruses?
Varicella zoster virus
What is the estimated range of new cases per year of shingles among healthy individuals?
1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 person-years
What is the term used to describe a person who has all the symptoms of shingles except the characteristic rash?
Zoster sine herpete
Which nerve branch is most commonly involved when the trigeminal nerve is affected by shingles?
Ophthalmic division
Which phase of a migraine attack immediately precedes the headache?
Aura phase
What is the most common type of aura experienced by people with migraines?
Visual aura
What is the term used to describe a migraine attack lasting longer than 72 hours?
Status migrainosus
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of migraine headaches?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the first-line treatment for migraine headache?
Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen
Which of the following is a common symptom of a basilar migraine?
Blurred vision
What percentage of people with migraines experience nausea?
90%
What is the genetic influence of likelihood to develop migraine according to studies of twins?
34% to 51%
Which of the following is the most common type of primary headache?
Tension headache
Which age group is tension-type headache most prevalent in?
30-39 years old
What percentage of all headaches are accounted for by tension-type headaches?
90%
What is the definition of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH)?
Headache for 15 days or more per month
Which of the following is a characteristic of frequent tension-type headache (TTH)?
Headache for 10 or more episodes over 1-14 days per month
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of tension-type headache?
NMDA receptor activation
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tension-type headaches?
Pulsating quality
Which factor is NOT considered a risk factor for tension-type headaches?
Old age
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of cluster headaches?
Neck pain
Which of the following is a common symptom of cluster headaches?
Nausea
What is the typical location of the pain during a cluster headache?
Around the eye
What is the term used to describe the preliminary sensations of pain in the general area of attack before a cluster headache?
Shadows
Which of the following is not a type of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias
Migraine headache
Which medication type has the shortest delay between taking it too often and developing medication overuse headaches (MOH)?
Triptans
What is the most probable cause of medication overuse headaches (MOH)?
Genetic disposition
Which medication should be avoided as an abortive treatment for migraine headaches?
Opioids
Which of the following is a common reason that leads to medication overuse headache (MOH)?
Headache
What is the estimated prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) in the general population?
Between 1% and 2%
How is medication overuse headache (MOH) classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)?
Secondary headache
Which nerve is affected in occipital neuralgia?
All of the above
What type of pain is typically associated with occipital neuralgia?
Lancinating or stabbing pain
Which of the following is a risk factor for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)?
Female gender
What is the most common symptom of IIH?
Severe headache
What is the first-line treatment for IIH?
Acetazolamide
Which cranial nerve is most commonly affected in individuals with IIH?
Abducens nerve
What is the fundoscopic finding in IIH?
Papilledema
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of secondary intracranial hypertension?
Hormonal contraceptives
Which of the following is the cause of IIH?
Obstruction of draining veins
What is the purpose of performing a lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of IIH?
All of the above
Which of the following criteria is NOT required for the diagnosis of IIH according to the modified Dandy criteria?
Cranial nerve IV palsy
Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes Steven D. Waldman
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