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Questions and Answers

A patient presents with a transverse fracture of the 5th metacarpal due to axial loading. In which direction is the resulting angulation most commonly oriented?

  • Ulnar
  • Dorsal (correct)
  • Radial
  • Volar

What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a confirmed Skier's Thumb injury, characterized by laxity and pain during a valgus stress test of the PIP joint of the thumb?

  • Surgical fixation
  • Ulnar gutter splint
  • Buddy taping to the index finger
  • Thumb spica splint (correct)

Which complication is of greatest concern following a fracture with initial treatment using an ulnar gutter splint?

  • Malunion
  • Compartment Syndrome (correct)
  • Chronic instability
  • Loss of reduction

A patient is unable to extend the DIP joint following trauma. Radiographs reveal a fracture at the proximal dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx. What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Mallet Finger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fracture patterns is characterized as a three-part or comminuted intra-articular fracture-dislocation at the base of the thumb?

<p>Rolando fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a suspected neck of femur fracture at the femoral head/neck junction. Which type of fracture is most likely, given its location and classification as an intracapsular fracture?

<p>Subcapital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who sustained a high-energy trauma to the femur shaft develops altered mental status and a petechial rash. Which of the following complications is most likely occurring?

<p>Fat embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a motor vehicle accident, a patient presents with an inability to bear weight and significant knee effusion. Radiographs reveal a fracture involving the articular surface of the tibia. Which of the following fractures is most consistent with this presentation?

<p>Tibial plateau fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ballet dancer reports localized midfoot pain and tenderness that has gradually increased over several weeks. Radiographs show periosteal thickening. Which of the following fractures is most likely?

<p>March fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who twisted their ankle during a sports activity is unable to walk. Examination reveals visible tenting of the skin near the lower leg. Which of the following complications is most concerning given this presentation?

<p>Compartment syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents after a fall with heel pain, ecchymosis, and skin tenting on the plantar aspect of the heel. Which radiographic series is most appropriate to evaluate for a calcaneal fracture?

<p>Calcaneal series (AP, lateral, Harris, oblique) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with ankle pain after a fall. The physical exam reveals a positive squeeze test. Which of the following fractures should be suspected?

<p>Maisonneuve Fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An athlete presents with pain at the base of the 5th metatarsal after an ankle inversion injury. Radiographs are ordered. Which of the following fractures is most likely given the mechanism and location?

<p>Jones fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a hip fracture after a fall. The affected leg is shortened and externally rotated. Based on the provided information, which type of hip fracture is MOST likely?

<p>Subcapital hip fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A young patient involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) presents with a suspected hip dislocation. Imaging reveals the femoral head is displaced superolaterally. Which associated injury should be MOST suspected, based on the provided information, and influence further diagnostic investigation?

<p>Acetabular rim fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An elderly patient with osteoporosis sustains a fall. Radiographic evaluation reveals an intertrochanteric fracture. What characteristic of these fractures, as indicated in associated imaging findings is MOST likely to influence surgical planning and fixation strategy?

<p>Frequent comminution of the lesser trochanter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a high-impact trauma, a patient is diagnosed with an anterior hip dislocation. What specific complication should be MOST carefully monitored for in the immediate post-reduction period?

<p>Sciatic nerve injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who sustained a subtrochanteric fracture is being evaluated for surgical fixation. What potential complication associated with this specific type of fracture should be considered to optimize post-operative outcomes?

<p>Delayed healing or malunion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents following a motor vehicle accident with a subcapital hip fracture. An MRI is ordered. What is the PRIMARY reason MRI is indicated in this scenario?

<p>To assess the risk of avascular necrosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An elderly patient with a history of falls presents with hip pain. Radiographs show a fracture between the greater and lesser trochanters. Given the classification and likely etiology, what treatment is MOST appropriate?

<p>ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is being treated for a posterior hip dislocation following a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST indicative of a sciatic nerve injury, warranting immediate further investigation?

<p>Weakness in dorsiflexion of the foot. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a subtrochanteric fracture, what specific radiographic feature helps differentiate it from an intertrochanteric fracture and guides surgical planning?

<p>The fracture line extending below the lesser trochanter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between hip fracture type and the mechanism of injury in elderly patients?

<p>Low-energy falls are a common cause of subcapital, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a fracture resulting from a fall onto a flexed wrist. Which of the following fractures is MOST likely based on the described mechanism of injury?

<p>Smith's fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST common type of distal wrist fracture among the following options, often seen in elderly patients after a fall?

<p>Colles’ fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An X-ray reveals a distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement and angulation. Which eponym is commonly associated with this type of fracture?

<p>Colle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a wrist injury sustained from a fall onto a flexed wrist. Which mechanism of injury is MOST likely to have caused this type of fracture?

<p>Fall onto flexed wrist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is MOST accurate about an extra-articular distal radius fracture with dorsal angulation?

<p>Colles fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient falls on an outstretched hand with their wrist in extension and ulnar deviation. Based on the provided table, which carpal bone is MOST likely dislocated in a perilunate dislocation?

<p>Capitate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a high-impact injury, a radiograph reveals a 'Spilled Teacup Sign'. Which of the following dislocations does this sign MOST accurately indicate?

<p>Lunate dislocation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the examination of a patient who fell on an outstretched hand, you suspect a carpal dislocation. If a radiograph reveals a 'Cup Empty Sign', which type of dislocation should you PRIMARILY suspect?

<p>Perilunate Dislocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a wrist injury after a fall. Radiographic findings show the lunate dislocated volarly. Accoridng to the table, which sign would correlate with the Lunate dislocation?

<p>&quot;Spilled Teacup Sign&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a high-impact injury to the shoulder, an X-ray reveals an anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesion. Which of the following concomitant injuries is MOST likely to be observed, indicating a recurrent anterior shoulder instability?

<p>A Hill-Sachs lesion on the posterior aspect of the humeral head. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 25-year-old athlete presents with posterior shoulder pain following a direct blow to the anterior shoulder during a football game. Radiographic imaging reveals a glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD) lesion. What is the MOST appropriate initial management strategy for this patient, considering the nature of the injury?

<p>Initiation of a structured physical therapy program focusing on scapular stabilization and rotator cuff strengthening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents to the emergency department after a fall, complaining of shoulder pain. An X-ray reveals a fracture of the clavicle. Based on the provided information, where is the MOST likely location of this fracture?

<p>Mid shaft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with an elevated distal clavicle and point tenderness following a shoulder injury. According to the information provided, what diagnostic imaging technique would BEST assist in confirming the MOST likely diagnosis?

<p>Traction X-ray of both shoulders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a motor vehicle accident, a patient is diagnosed with a humeral shaft fracture. During the initial assessment, the patient exhibits wrist drop and sensory deficits in the dorsal aspect of the hand. Which complication should the physician be MOST concerned about?

<p>Radial nerve injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 65-year-old patient presents with a midshaft humeral fracture following a ground level fall. What underlying condition should the physician consider as a potential contributing factor to this fracture?

<p>Osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon is planning the approach for an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a complex ankle fracture involving the posterior malleolus. Which of the following anatomical structures poses the GREATEST risk of injury during the surgical approach to the posterior malleolus?

<p>Sural nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department after sustaining a high-energy trauma to his lower leg. Radiographs reveal a comminuted tibia and fibula fracture with significant soft tissue injury, including compartment syndrome. Following fasciotomy, the fracture is stabilized with an external fixator. Which of the following complications secondary to the soft tissue injury and subsequent management is of GREATEST long-term concern?

<p>Muscle contracture and fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nuclear medicine scans, a 'cold spot' observed on a thyroid scan using iodine-131 MOST likely indicates which of the following pathological processes?

<p>A region of decreased or absent radioisotope uptake, potentially indicating a non-functioning nodule or malignancy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When interpreting bone scans in the context of suspected metastatic disease, which pattern of radioisotope uptake would be MOST indicative of widespread metastatic involvement rather than a benign condition?

<p>Multiple, randomly distributed areas of increased uptake throughout the axial and appendicular skeleton. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging is generally considered to have which of the following limitations?

<p>Reduced sensitivity for detecting early-stage malignancies due to lower spatial resolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a trauma patient with suspected vascular injury, which of the following ultrasonography settings would be MOST critical for assessing blood flow and detecting potential arterial or venous compromise?

<p>Doppler ultrasonography with color and spectral analysis to evaluate blood flow velocity and direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY purpose of Interventional Radiology (IR)?

<p>To utilize medical imaging techniques for guiding doctors in diagnosing and treating problems with blood and lymph vessels throughout the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the LEAST likely application of Interventional Radiology (IR)?

<p>Performing open surgical resections of large tumors in the abdominal cavity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When comparing AP and PA chest X-rays, which of the following anatomical considerations is MOST crucial in differentiating between the two projections and assessing potential magnification artifacts?

<p>The size of the cardiac silhouette, which is typically magnified in AP views due to the anterior position of the heart relative to the X-ray source. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are reviewing a chest radiograph and note that the vertebral bodies are poorly visualized through the cardiac silhouette. What adjustment to technique would MOST likely improve the penetration and visualization of these structures?

<p>Increase the kVp to allow for greater X-ray penetration through dense structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A radiograph reveals a possible subtle fracture, but there are artifacts obscuring the region of interest. Which course of action is MOST appropriate to improve diagnostic clarity?

<p>Obtain additional views or utilize a different imaging modality (e.g., CT scan, MRI) to circumvent the artifacts and better assess the fracture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In radiography, which of the following factors has the MOST direct impact on the degree of image contrast, assuming all other factors remain constant?

<p>Kilovoltage peak (kVp) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes why digital radiography allows for more detailed visualization of subtle fracture lines compared to traditional film radiography?

<p>Digital radiography offers a wider dynamic range and post-processing capabilities for image optimization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A radiologist is evaluating a series of radiographs for a patient with suspected metastatic bone disease. Which technical adjustment would be MOST appropriate to optimize the detection of subtle osteolytic lesions?

<p>Utilizing image post-processing techniques to enhance edge sharpness and adjust window/level settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a known history of claustrophobia requires a diagnostic imaging study. Considering the contraindications and limitations of various modalities, which of the following would be the MOST appropriate choice?

<p>Computed Tomography (CT) with a rapid scanning protocol and open configuration, if available. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a trauma series, a lateral cervical spine radiograph is obtained. Which radiographic criterion is MOST critical to ensure adequate visualization of the cervicothoracic junction and rule out a vertebral fracture?

<p>Visualizing all seven cervical vertebrae and the C7-T1 interspace, even with the use of a swimmer's view if necessary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adjustments to radiographic technique would be MOST effective in reducing magnification while maintaining image quality?

<p>Decrease the OID and increase the SID. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A radiographer is tasked with imaging a pediatric patient's abdomen to assess for a possible bowel obstruction. What modification to the standard adult radiographic technique is MOST critical to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic image quality?

<p>Limit the field of view to the specific area of interest to reduce the volume of tissue irradiated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A physician is evaluating a patient with suspected scaphoid fracture but initial radiographs are negative. Which advanced imaging modality is MOST appropriate to detect occult fractures, and how would the imaging be optimized?

<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with T1-weighted imaging to assess for bone marrow edema. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary advantage of MRI over other imaging modalities, particularly when evaluating soft tissues?

<p>Detecting subtle changes within soft tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In MRI, what is the typical appearance of fluid (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid) on T1-weighted images compared to T2-weighted images?

<p>Dark on T1 and bright on T2. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk is specifically associated with MRI due to the use of strong magnetic fields?

<p>Movement of ferromagnetic objects within or near the patient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a suspected subtle C-spine injury following a motor vehicle accident has a CT scan performed. The radiologist is concerned about potential ligamentous injury not clearly visible on CT. Based on the information provided, which of the following imaging findings would MOST strongly suggest the need for further evaluation with MRI?

<p>Sagittal CT showing subtle misalignment of posterior facet joints at C6-7 with mild foraminal narrowing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents for an MRI. They have a complex medical history, including a cerebral aneurysm clipped several years ago. To ensure patient safety, what is the MOST critical piece of information to ascertain regarding the aneurysm clip?

<p>The specific type of material from which the clip is made. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of Interventional Radiology (IR)?

<p>Suture removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ordering an imaging study, what is the PRIMARY reason for consulting guidelines such as the American College of Radiology (ACR) appropriateness criteria?

<p>To ensure the imaging study is clinically indicated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is providing specific and detailed instructions crucial when ordering an imaging study?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reviewing a radiograph, what is the meaning of 'penetration'?

<p>The ability of the X-ray beam to pass through the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical consideration is MOST crucial in differentiating between AP and PA chest X-rays and assessing potential magnification artifacts?

<p>The position of the heart relative to the X-ray source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an AP view radiograph, if the vertebral bodies are poorly visualized through the cardiac silhouette, which adjustment would MOST likely improve penetration and visualization of these structures?

<p>Increasing the mAs setting to increase the quantity of X-rays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes why recognizing artifacts is important to assess the quality of any image?

<p>Artifacts can mimic pathology and obscure diagnostic information leading to misdiagnosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following imaging modalities does NOT utilize x-rays or radiation?

<p>Ultrasonography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ultrasonography, what term describes an area that appears bright or white on the image?

<p>Echogenic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY function of the transducer pulse controls in ultrasonography?

<p>To modify the amplitude, frequency, and duration of emitted pulses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a potential concern associated with increased use of ultrasonography, specifically in obstetrics?

<p>Decreased birth weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'cold spot' on a thyroid scan using iodine-131 indicative of?

<p>Decreased absorption of radioisotope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nuclear imaging, what is typically assessed by tracing the distribution of a radioisotope within the body?

<p>Organ function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'hot spot' on a bone scan typically indicate?

<p>Increased bone metabolism or abnormal bone activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nuclear medicine scans is MOST sensitive for detecting cancer?

<p>PET (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A radiologist notes a dark or black area in an ultrasonography image. Considering the acoustic properties, which term BEST describes this area?

<p>Sonolucent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how an image is formed in radiography?

<p>By using a broad beam of ionizing radiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a PACS in the context of digital radiography?

<p>Picture Archiving and Communications System. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modalities was discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen?

<p>Radiography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential application of X-rays?

<p>Diagnosing bone injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'wet reading' in radiography?

<p>Another term for a STAT (immediate) interpretation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient undergoes a radiographic examination, and the resulting image shows a distinct loss of image resolution despite proper technique. Which of the following factors involving proper patient prep would LEAST likely contribute to this outcome?

<p>Image saved in incorrect file format. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Displaced Fracture

Fracture where bone pieces are out of normal alignment.

Subcapital Fracture

A hip fracture at the junction of the femoral head and neck.

Fat Embolism

Risk of fat entering bloodstream after long bone fracture.

Tibial Plateau Fracture

High-energy axial load causing fracture of the tibial plateau.

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Tibial/Fibular Fracture

Fracture caused by falls, MVAs, or twisting injuries.

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Tibial Plafond (Pilon) Fracture

Fracture of the distal tibia from high-impact trauma.

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Maisonneuve Fracture

Fracture of proximal fibula due to external rotation force on foot.

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Lover's Fracture

Calcaneus fracture from axial loading, like a fall.

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Anterior Hip Dislocation: Etiology

Etiology is forced hip abduction, impact on knee

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Posterior Hip Dislocation: Etiology

Etiology is contact with flexed knee (dashboard injury)

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Anterior Hip Dislocation: Leg Length

Typically, no shortening of the leg is associated

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Posterior Hip Dislocation: Leg Position

Shortened leg, internally rotated

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Anterior Hip Dislocation: Displacement

Femoral head displaced inframedially

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Posterior Hip Dislocation: Displacement

Femoral head displaced superolaterally

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Hip Dislocation: Treatment

Reduction and immobilization required

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Anterior Hip Dislocation: Risk

Associated risk is Sciatic nerve or Vascular damage

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Subcapital Hip Fracture: Risk

High risk of avascular necrosis

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Intertrochanteric Fracture: Treatment

ORIF is required

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ORIF

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: Surgical procedure to fix broken bones with hardware.

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Boxer's Fracture Angulation

Fracture of the 5th metacarpal, often angulated dorsally due to axial loading.

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Skier's Thumb (Gamekeeper's Thumb)

Fracture at the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, disrupting the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL).

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Mallet Finger (Bony)

Avulsion of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx, causing inability to extend the DIP joint.

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Rolando Fracture

Intra-articular and comminuted fracture-dislocation at the base of the thumb.

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Bankart Lesion

Avulsion of the anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve from the glenoid rim, often due to anterior shoulder dislocation.

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Clavicular Fracture Location

A fracture that commonly occurs in the middle third of the clavicle.

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AC Joint Separation Sign

An elevated distal clavicle with point tenderness often indicates AC joint separation.

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AC Joint Separation Diagnosis

Diagnosed via traction X-ray of both shoulders.

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Acromion Process (X-ray)

The green arrow on the X-ray indicates the acromion process.

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Most Frequently Dislocated Joint

The glenohumeral joint (shoulder) is the most frequently dislocated joint.

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Humeral Shaft Fracture Etiology

Humeral shaft fractures are often caused by falls, accidents, or direct trauma; consider osteoporosis in elderly patients.

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Humeral Shaft Fracture Location

Midshaft fractures are common.

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Humeral Shaft Fracture Complication

Radial nerve injury.

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Humeral Shaft Fracture Etiology

FOOSH, MVA, direct trauma.

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Colles' Fracture

Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation.

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Smith's Fracture

Fracture of the distal radius with volar (palmar) angulation.

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Which is more common: Colles' or Smith's fracture?

Most common type of distal wrist fracture.

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Colles' fracture definition

Extra-articular distal radius fracture with dorsal angulation.

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Smith's fracture mechanism

Fall onto a flexed wrist.

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Typical Mechanism for a Colles' Fracture?

Fall onto an outstretched hand with wrist in extension and ulnar deviation.

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Perilunate Dislocation

Dorsal dislocation of the capitate relative to the lunate.

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Lunate Dislocation

Volar dislocation of the lunate relative to the radius and other carpal bones.

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Sign for Perilunate Dislocation

"Cup Empty Sign" on X-ray (referring to the space left by the dislocated capitate).

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Sign for Lunate Dislocation

"Spilled Teacup Sign" on X-ray due to the lunate's appearance.

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Interventional Radiology (IR)

The use of medical imaging to guide doctors in diagnosing and treating blood and lymph vessel problems.

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Image-Guided Therapy

Medical imaging to guide doctors when they diagnose and treat certain problems with blood vessels and lymph vessels throughout the body.

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Clinical Justification

Clinical reason for ordering an imaging study.

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Patient Information

Details about the patient, needed when ordering a study.

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Imaging Modality Selection

Choosing the most suitable imaging method for a specific clinical question.

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Specific Instructions (Imaging)

Detailed instructions regarding the body part to be imaged, patient positioning, contrast administration and any necessary preparation steps for the patient.

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Consult Guidelines (Imaging)

Refer to established guidelines to ensure the imaging study is indicated.

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Correct View

Correct view for imaging.

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Ultrasonography (U/S)

Imaging technique using sound waves to produce real-time anatomical images.

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Echogenic (Hyperechoic)

Brightness of tissues/organs on ultrasound; brighter/whiter areas.

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Sonolucent (Hypoechoic/Anechoic)

Darkness of tissues/organs on ultrasound; darker/black areas (fluid-filled).

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Transducer Pulse Controls

U/S transducer pulses can be manipulated to change image characteristics.

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Nuclear Medicine Scan

Scan used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease using radioactive tracers.

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Scintigraphy

Uses gamma cameras to detect radiation from radioisotopes to assess organ function.

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"Cold" Spot

Area of decreased radioisotope absorption, appearing dark on a scan.

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"Hot" Spot

Area of increased radioisotope absorption, appearing bright on a scan.

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Radiography

Imaging using broad beam ionizing radiation; image density depends on subject's density.

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PACS

A system for storing, archiving and communicating digital images.

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Radiography Indications

Fractures, infections, identifying foreign objects, tumors

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Fluoroscopy Definition

Real-time imaging using X-rays to visualize movement.

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Computed Tomography (CT) Definition

Imaging modality using X-rays to create cross-sectional images.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Definition

Imaging Modality using magnetic fields and radio waves.

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Nuclear Imaging Definition

Modality where radioactive materials are used to visualize organ function and structure.

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Radiography in Treatment

Radiography can plan and evaluate treatments for various conditions.

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MRI Advantage

Detects small changes within soft tissue.

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MRI: T1 vs. T2 Fluid

On T1, fluid appears dark; on T2, fluid appears bright.

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MRI: T1 vs. T2 Visualization

T1 is better for viewing normal anatomy and fat distribution, while T2 is better for identifying abnormalities like edema, tumors or inflammation.

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Interventional Radiology

The use of medical imaging techniques to guide doctors as they diagnose and treat certain problems with blood vessels and lymph vessels throughout the body.

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Fluoroscopy

Real-time imaging using X-rays to visualize movement

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Computed Tomography (CT)

Imaging modality using X-rays to create cross-sectional images

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Imaging Modality using magnetic fields and radio waves

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Nuclear Imaging

Modality where radioactive materials are used to visualize organ function and structure

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STAT Interpretation

Wet reading is another name for?

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When was radiography discovered?

November 8, 1895

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Radiography: Image Formed

Image related to the subjects’ density

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PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

Sensitive imaging for cancer detection using radioactive tracers

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SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)

Nuclear imaging using gamma cameras, but with lower resolution than PET.

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Study Notes

Elbow Fractures and Injuries: Distal Humerus, Radial Head, Olecranon

Includes olecranon process:

    1. Displaced
    1. Non-displaced X P U

Distal Radius Fractures: Colles' vs. Smith's vs. Barton's

  • Displays a radius styloid fracture

Hand Fractures: Bennett's vs. Rolando's vs. Boxer's

  • The Boxer's, Rolando, and Bennett fractures present as intra-articular

Ankle Fractures: Tibial Plafond vs. Maisonneuve

  • Tibia Plafond (Pilon) Fractures display distal tibia fracturing and possibly a shattering

Maisonneuve Fractures

  • In the Ankle joints display "proximal" fractures
  • Are spiral comminuted fractures

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