Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key component of reproductive health, beyond the absence of disease and disability?
What is a key component of reproductive health, beyond the absence of disease and disability?
- Access to the latest cosmetic surgery techniques.
- Ensuring population growth to maintain societal stability.
- A complete physical, mental, and social well-being. (correct)
- Strict adherence to cultural norms regarding family size.
According to the material, what should individuals and couples be able to do regarding their reproductive choices?
According to the material, what should individuals and couples be able to do regarding their reproductive choices?
- Adhere to government-mandated family planning policies.
- Follow traditional practices without deviation.
- Make decisions free from violence and discrimination. (correct)
- Rely solely on religious guidance for family matters.
Which of the following is true regarding the historical context of reproductive rights?
Which of the following is true regarding the historical context of reproductive rights?
- Reproductive rights emerged independently, separate from other rights.
- Reproductive rights are solely based on economic factors.
- The development of reproductive rights is connected to human and women's rights. (correct)
- Reproductive rights have no historical basis.
What is a central tenet of Article 16 in the Declaration of Human Rights?
What is a central tenet of Article 16 in the Declaration of Human Rights?
According to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), what does discrimination against women entail?
According to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), what does discrimination against women entail?
What does CEDAW mandate regarding the sale of women and exploitation of women?
What does CEDAW mandate regarding the sale of women and exploitation of women?
According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, what is a primary obligation of States Parties?
According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, what is a primary obligation of States Parties?
What specific protection does the Convention on the Rights of the Child provide regarding sexual exploitation?
What specific protection does the Convention on the Rights of the Child provide regarding sexual exploitation?
What is the focus of the Declaration of the World Conference on Human Rights (1993) regarding economic, social, and cultural rights?
What is the focus of the Declaration of the World Conference on Human Rights (1993) regarding economic, social, and cultural rights?
What is a key emphasis of the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)?
What is a key emphasis of the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)?
Which of the following is a goal of the 4th World Women's Conference (Beijing)?
Which of the following is a goal of the 4th World Women's Conference (Beijing)?
What measure is emphasized by the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention)?
What measure is emphasized by the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention)?
What specific action regarding trafficking is addressed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
What specific action regarding trafficking is addressed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, what should be ensured concerning women's health?
According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, what should be ensured concerning women's health?
Within the framework of reproductive and sexual life, what does freedom and security include?
Within the framework of reproductive and sexual life, what does freedom and security include?
What is highlighted concerning the situations that violate reproductive rights?
What is highlighted concerning the situations that violate reproductive rights?
What does the right to equality in reproductive and sexual life mean?
What does the right to equality in reproductive and sexual life mean?
What is emphasized as part of the right to privacy in reproductive and sexual health?
What is emphasized as part of the right to privacy in reproductive and sexual health?
In regard to freedom of thought, what must the individual have regarding reproductive and sexual health?
In regard to freedom of thought, what must the individual have regarding reproductive and sexual health?
What does the right to information and education include regarding reproductive and sexual life?
What does the right to information and education include regarding reproductive and sexual life?
What does the right to freedom of assembly and participation entail related to reproductive health?
What does the right to freedom of assembly and participation entail related to reproductive health?
What does the right to decide whether or when to have children include?
What does the right to decide whether or when to have children include?
Within the framework, what factors contribute to having the right to receive health care and health protection in reproductive and sexual life?
Within the framework, what factors contribute to having the right to receive health care and health protection in reproductive and sexual life?
What does The Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments in Reproductive and Sexual Life involve?
What does The Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments in Reproductive and Sexual Life involve?
To exercise The Right to Choose About Marriage and Family Formation, couples must?
To exercise The Right to Choose About Marriage and Family Formation, couples must?
To ensure The Right to Be Free from Torture and Ill-Treatment in Reproduction and Sexual Life, what must be provided?
To ensure The Right to Be Free from Torture and Ill-Treatment in Reproduction and Sexual Life, what must be provided?
Given the complex nature of child pregnancies, what are key considerations?
Given the complex nature of child pregnancies, what are key considerations?
With a focus on CONCLUSION. what is inevitable in precenting child marriages?
With a focus on CONCLUSION. what is inevitable in precenting child marriages?
With contemporary roles, what should the practitioners, educators, and researchers be doing in relation to society?
With contemporary roles, what should the practitioners, educators, and researchers be doing in relation to society?
According to the source, what is important in terms of LEGAL REGULATIONS?
According to the source, what is important in terms of LEGAL REGULATIONS?
What was achieved in Turkey, in terms of laws?
What was achieved in Turkey, in terms of laws?
Because of CEDAW, what was adopted in the Turkish Civil Law?
Because of CEDAW, what was adopted in the Turkish Civil Law?
Previously, in terms of marriage, what was the age for boys?
Previously, in terms of marriage, what was the age for boys?
What were the rules in the New Civil Law, in terms of adoption?
What were the rules in the New Civil Law, in terms of adoption?
In the Turkish Civil Law, what is critical to the determination of rights to a child?
In the Turkish Civil Law, what is critical to the determination of rights to a child?
As stated in the Turkish Civil Law, what determines the rights to the child after a given time period?
As stated in the Turkish Civil Law, what determines the rights to the child after a given time period?
In the Turkish Civil Law, what prevents marriage?
In the Turkish Civil Law, what prevents marriage?
What is a defining feature of the Turkish Criminal Law?
What is a defining feature of the Turkish Criminal Law?
In the Turkish Criminal Law, what is is significant, if a sexual assault is to take place?
In the Turkish Criminal Law, what is is significant, if a sexual assault is to take place?
Concerning Turkish Criminal Law, what happens in the work place if sexual harrassment is found to take place?
Concerning Turkish Criminal Law, what happens in the work place if sexual harrassment is found to take place?
According to the Turkish Criminal Law, in cases of abduction, and force, what is required?
According to the Turkish Criminal Law, in cases of abduction, and force, what is required?
What broader concept is intertwined with reproductive rights, influencing its historical progress?
What broader concept is intertwined with reproductive rights, influencing its historical progress?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that marriage requires what condition?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that marriage requires what condition?
Under CEDAW relating to equality between men and women, what is a critical element?
Under CEDAW relating to equality between men and women, what is a critical element?
What specific action does CEDAW obligate States Parties to undertake related to the exploitation of women?
What specific action does CEDAW obligate States Parties to undertake related to the exploitation of women?
What specific measure does the Convention on the Rights of the Child address to protect children?
What specific measure does the Convention on the Rights of the Child address to protect children?
According to the Declaration of the World Conference on Human Rights, what is considered part of economic, social, and cultural rights?
According to the Declaration of the World Conference on Human Rights, what is considered part of economic, social, and cultural rights?
Which key aspect is emphasized by the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) concerning women?
Which key aspect is emphasized by the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) concerning women?
Which of the following is a key emphasis of reproductive health programs, according to the material?
Which of the following is a key emphasis of reproductive health programs, according to the material?
In the context of reproductive rights, what is considered a crucial element for individuals and couples?
In the context of reproductive rights, what is considered a crucial element for individuals and couples?
How does the framework define an individual's freedom and security in reproductive and sexual life?
How does the framework define an individual's freedom and security in reproductive and sexual life?
A key element of reproductive rights is ensuring all people receive which of the options listed?
A key element of reproductive rights is ensuring all people receive which of the options listed?
To ensure an individuals privacy is respected, what is critical to be guaranteed for an individual?
To ensure an individuals privacy is respected, what is critical to be guaranteed for an individual?
What should individuals have, concerning reproductive and sexual health?
What should individuals have, concerning reproductive and sexual health?
What should programs contain, to ensure information and training is provided?
What should programs contain, to ensure information and training is provided?
The Right to Freedom of Assembly and Participation in Reproductive and Sexual Life includes what?
The Right to Freedom of Assembly and Participation in Reproductive and Sexual Life includes what?
People have the right to freely decide what?
People have the right to freely decide what?
As the International Planned Parenthood Foundation notes, countries should do what in response to their maternal care?
As the International Planned Parenthood Foundation notes, countries should do what in response to their maternal care?
The Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments in Reproductive and Sexual Life grants people the right to what?
The Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments in Reproductive and Sexual Life grants people the right to what?
In Turkey, what did signing the Beijing Action Platform in 1995 entail?
In Turkey, what did signing the Beijing Action Platform in 1995 entail?
Following the CEDAW convention, what goal did Turkey commit to achieve by 2000?
Following the CEDAW convention, what goal did Turkey commit to achieve by 2000?
In order to provide equal conditions under the Turkish Civil Code, what must be observed?
In order to provide equal conditions under the Turkish Civil Code, what must be observed?
Changes were made in Turkish Civil Law, in order to equalize the age of marriage, how did this take place?
Changes were made in Turkish Civil Law, in order to equalize the age of marriage, how did this take place?
Who can adopt someone under the Turkish Civil code?
Who can adopt someone under the Turkish Civil code?
Under Turkish Civil law, to determine a fathers place in their child's life, how can that be done?
Under Turkish Civil law, to determine a fathers place in their child's life, how can that be done?
Once the 300 day period is over, how can a male claim a child, following the Turkish Civil Law?
Once the 300 day period is over, how can a male claim a child, following the Turkish Civil Law?
Marriage is prohibited between what parties?
Marriage is prohibited between what parties?
What regulation occurred in Turkish Criminal Law, that focused on equality?
What regulation occurred in Turkish Criminal Law, that focused on equality?
When should sexual crimes take place, to be considered crimes under sexual inviolability?
When should sexual crimes take place, to be considered crimes under sexual inviolability?
Under Turkish Law, for a workplace that finds sexual harassment taking place, what happens?
Under Turkish Law, for a workplace that finds sexual harassment taking place, what happens?
If an individual is abducted, and there is an intent to force them to marry, how is this addressed under Turkish Criminal Law?
If an individual is abducted, and there is an intent to force them to marry, how is this addressed under Turkish Criminal Law?
In cases of honor killings, how are the perpetrators to be punished, in Turkish Criminal Law?
In cases of honor killings, how are the perpetrators to be punished, in Turkish Criminal Law?
For pregnant woman, willfully aborting their child comes with what consequence under Turkish Law?
For pregnant woman, willfully aborting their child comes with what consequence under Turkish Law?
If a crime took place, and it caused a person to need medical assistance, how does this get handled under criminal law?
If a crime took place, and it caused a person to need medical assistance, how does this get handled under criminal law?
Following labor employment law, what is something that cannot constitute valid reasons for termination of the employment contract?
Following labor employment law, what is something that cannot constitute valid reasons for termination of the employment contract?
Within the Turkish Labour Employment Law, female workers may not be employed for more than how many hours during night shifts?
Within the Turkish Labour Employment Law, female workers may not be employed for more than how many hours during night shifts?
Under Population planning, if a pregnant woman is married, what is requested beyond the women's permission?
Under Population planning, if a pregnant woman is married, what is requested beyond the women's permission?
Flashcards
Reproductive health definition
Reproductive health definition
Not only the absence of disease and disability, but also a complete physical, mental and social well-being related to the reproductive system.
Sexual and Reproductive Rights definition
Sexual and Reproductive Rights definition
Individuals and couples should be able to decide freely on their number of children, have the necessary information, and not face pressure, violence, or discrimination in accessing health services.
Sexual and Reproductive Rights Development
Sexual and Reproductive Rights Development
The historical development is linked to the development of human rights, and has strong links with the development of women's rights.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights on Marriage
Universal Declaration of Human Rights on Marriage
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Definition of Discrimination Against Women
Definition of Discrimination Against Women
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CEDAW on Health Services
CEDAW on Health Services
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Child Rights Convention
Child Rights Convention
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Child Rights Convention on Exploitation
Child Rights Convention on Exploitation
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Right to Freedom in Reproduction
Right to Freedom in Reproduction
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The Right to Privacy in Reproduction
The Right to Privacy in Reproduction
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Right to Freedom of Thought
Right to Freedom of Thought
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Right to Decide on Children
Right to Decide on Children
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Right to Receive Health Care
Right to Receive Health Care
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Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments
Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments
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Right to Choose About Marriage
Right to Choose About Marriage
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Right to freedom from torture
Right to freedom from torture
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Sexual harassment
Sexual harassment
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Crime of torture
Crime of torture
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Study Notes
- Focus is given to sexual/reproductive rights and legal regulations
- Reproductive and sexual health rights stem from investigation of maternal/child deaths
Presentation Plan
- Includes important international documents on reproductive and sexual health rights
- Discusses the International Federation of Family Planning and their declaration
- Outlines legal regulations on reproductive and sexual health
Reproductive Health Definition
- It is not only the absence of disease and disability
- Includes complete physical, mental, and social well-being
- Allows people to have a satisfying and safe sex life, and the ability to reproduce
- Ensures freedom to make decisions without violence and discrimination
Purpose of Reproductive Health Services
- Provides care and counseling for reproductive and sexually transmitted diseases
- Enriches life and personal relationships
Sexual and Reproductive Rights Definition
- Allows individuals/couples to decide freely on the number/range of children
- Ensures access to necessary information and freedom from pressure, violence, and discrimination when accessing health services
Development of Sexual and Reproductive Rights
- Linked to the development of human rights, and women's rights
Important International Documents
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEDAW (1979)
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
- Declaration of the 4th World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
- International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Final Declaration (Cairo 1994)
- 4th World Conference on Women (Beijing +5) (1995)
- Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) (2011)
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (2015)
Select Articles from Universal Declaration of Human Rights (April 6, 1949)
- Every man and woman of marriageable age has the right to marry and start a family without restrictions based on race, citizenship or religion
- Marriage contract can only be made with the free and full consent of both parties
- The family is the natural/fundamental element of society and has the right to protection
Select Articles from Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
- Discrimination against women means any distinction, exclusion or restriction based on sex
- Women and men are all equal
- Women have the same right to decide freely/reasonably on the number and timing of children
- Women have the right to benefit from adequate health services, including information and counseling, and services in family planning
Select Articles from Child Rights Convention (1989)
- States Parties recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to access to medical care
- States Parties will ensure that no child is denied the right to medical care
- Combat disease and malnutrition, prevent harm from environmental pollution, and provide parental guidance
- Child needs to be protected from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse
- Exploitation of children in prostitution or other illegal sexual activities is forbidden
- States Parties must prevent the sale, abduction, or prostitution of children
Select Articles from Declaration of the World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
- Right to work, fair and favourable working conditions
- Right to adequate standards of living and physical/mental health
Select Articles from United Nations International Conference on Population and Development
- Explicit recognition and affirmation of women's right to control all aspects of their health
Select Articles from 4th World Women's Conference (Beijing) (1995)
- Take measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and girls
Select Articles from Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) (2011)
- Female circumcision is addressed
- States parties shall take measures to ensure that mutilation, infibulation or disabling of all or part of a woman's labia majora, labia minora or clitoris is illegal
Select Articles from Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (2015)
- Eradicating of all forms of violence including stopping trafficking, sexual exploitation and more
Select Articles from International Planned Parenthood Federation - Declaration on Reproductive and Sexual Rights
- Every human being has the right to life; No one's life should be endangered because of pregnancy, childbirth or gender
- "Safe Motherhood" practices should be spread to the whole society
- Policies should reduce maternal and infant mortality
- Women's health and family planning information should be available free of charge
Right to Freedom in Reproduction and Sexual Life
- Includes the freedom to control one's reproductive and sexual life
- Protection of all children, women and men from sexual abuse and exploitation is given
- The individual has the right to not undergo medical intervention without free and informed consent
Situations that Violate Reproductive Rights
- Sexual abuse, virginity control, forced pregnancy/sterilization/abortion
- Laws requiring consent for family planning or voluntary abortion
- Female genital mutilation
- Imposing prison sentences on women for terminating pregnancies
Right to Equality in Reproductive and Sexual Life
- All human beings are born free and equal
- No discrimination based on race, ethnicity, colour, poverty, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family position, physical/mental disability, age, language, religion, political opinion, social origin, personal characteristic, birth, or other status.
- Effective implementation of laws prohibiting discrimination against any minority group
- Protection from unfair, traditional practices that humiliate women
- Gender-sensitive human rights should be ensured
Right to Privacy in Reproduction and Sexual Life
- Involves autonomous decisions about one's reproductive/sexual life
- Personal information should remain confidential
- Legal frameworks should recognize women's right to choose reproduction/sexuality autonomously
- Reproductive/sexual health information for young people should respect privacy rights
Right to Freedom of Thought in Reproductive and Sexual Life
- All individuals have the right to reproductive/sexual health, to receive information on any media, and to decide on the dissemination of said information
- Religious texts, beliefs, philosophies and traditions should respect freedom of thought/speech
- Healthcare personnel can opt out of family planning/abortion services
Right to Information and Education in Reproductive and Sexual Life
- Includes free access to information/education on this subject
- Young people should have access to information on reproductive and sexual health/rights
- Information should be presented in a gender-sensitive, non-stereotyped, objective, critical, and pluralistic manner
- Programs should allow users to make decisions based on full, free, and informed consent
Right to Freedom of Assembly and Participation in Reproductive and Sexual Life
- Establishing/participating in an NGO to promote reproductive and sexual health/rights
- Active self-defense in the field of reproductive and sexual health/rights
- NGO advocacy in the field of reproductive/sexual health rights should be ensured
Right to Decide Whether/When to Have Children
- All people have the right to freely/responsibly decide on the number/spacing of children
- This includes the right to decide whether/not to have children
- Access to family planning methods should be available
Reproductive Rights Framework
- Accessible, affordable, acceptable, and useful services, training, and information should be provided
- Safe, effective service delivery
- The freedom to choose protection against unplanned pregnancies must be had by all
Right to Receive Health Care/Protection in Reproductive/Sexual Life
- Everyone has the right to the highest attainable level of physical and mental health
- Programs must ensure the highest quality healthcare
Aspects of Right to Receive Health Care/Protection in Reproductive and Sexual Life
- Comprehensive health services
- Access to all family planning methods, including voluntary abortion
- Diagnosis/treatment for infertility and STIs (including HIV/AIDS)
- Pregnancy/infertility counselling
- Inexpensive, geographically-accessible, private, user-friendly services
- Availability of prenatal/postnatal services, including adequate nutrition
- Paid/unpaid maternity leave with social security benefits
Right to Benefit from Scientific Developments in Reproductive and Sexual Life
- Access to reproductive health technology, including modern methods of family planning, voluntary abortion, and infertility treatments are a right
- Information on harmful effects of reproductive health technology needs to be provided
- Gender sensitive medical research should be performed
Right to Choose Marriage and Family Formation
- All people have the right to voluntarily choose whether they want to marry or not
- Family planning, infertility treatment, and prevention/treatment of STIs should be ensured with non-discriminatory access
Right to Be Free from Torture/Ill-Treatment in Reproduction/Sexual Life
- All men, women, and children have the right to not be subjected to torture/cruel treatment
- Everyone must receive medical/scientific diagnosis and treatment without free and informed consent
Within the torture/ill-treatment reproductive/sexual framework
- Protection of children from sexual exploitation/abuse must be in place
- Everyone should be protected from such abuses
Conclusion
- Interdisciplinary cooperation is vital in preventing child marriages
Roles towards the cause
- Ensure gender equality, strengthen the social position and roles, advocate for human and women's rights and more
Legal Regulations
- CEDAW and Istanbul Convention are important rights in Turkey
Turkey and the Bejing Action Platform
- Turkey signed the Beijing Action Platform in 1995
Turkey and the CEDAW
- Turkey has committed to remove all reservations about the Convention by 2000
- Literacy rate increased for women to 100% and maternal/child mortality was lowered by 50%
Turkish Civil Code
- Was adopted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly and enforced January 1, 2002
- equality of men/women is observing
- Ending of gender discrimination
- Making women equal to men in family/society
Changes in Civil Law
- The age to get married is boys have to be 17 years old and girls is 15 years old
- With the new Law, the age of marriage has been increased by equalizing the age of marriage for men and women and the requirement to complete the age of 18 been introduced
- judge may allow a man or woman who has reached the age of 17 to marry because in extraordinary circumstances or for a very important reason
New Civil Law
- Those who are born out of wedlock have the right to inherit equally from the father's side
- Those who have reached the age of 30 can adopt
Civil Code 282
- The husband is the father of the child born during the marriage or within three hundred days from the dissolution of the marriage
Civil Code 285
- The attachment of the child born after this period to the husband is possible if the mother proves that she conceived it during marriage
Civil Code 129
- It is forbidden to marry One of the spouses and the descendants or descendants of the other even the marriage that gave rise to the in-law kinship has been dissolved
Turkish Criminal Law Draft
- Was prepared, accepted by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and entered in force on June 1, 2005
Turkish Criminal Law Gender equality
- Regulations on gender equality and violence against women inclusion
- Sexual crimes are considered more criminal when committed against women
Turkish Criminal Law Sexual Harrassment
- The concept of sexual harassment in the workplace has been introduced.
Civil Code for Pregnantcy and Abduction
- Effective cases of remorse for the abducted person and the accused
Civil Code for Pregnancy terminations
- A child that is more than 10 weeks is a crime and is sentenced to imprisonment for up to 1 year for voluntary terminations however some medical exceptions for under 20 week pregnancies
Civil Code and family
- It is the implementation of population services
Labor Employment Law
- If the work place is commiting sexual harassment they are subject to punishment or can be terminated
Labor Employment Law Pregnancy protections
- No discrimination of termination of employment
Labor Employment Law Pregnant Worker Hours
- Is limited to showing less than 16 hours a day on a night shift and can leave early
Labor Employment Law 8 hours for labor
- 8 if labor is more hours the rest if added or the person gets the leave
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