Sexually Transmitted Infections Overview

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Questions and Answers

What infections are considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes (correct)

Chlamydia, hepatitis B, cold sores

Only infections with visible symptoms

Bacterial infections only

Which individuals are at heightened risk for developing STIs?

People with a single, long-term partner

Individuals who have been vaccinated against HPV

Those engaging in unprotected sex and having multiple partners (correct)

Individuals who practice abstinence

What is a recommended management strategy for chlamydia?

Wait and observe without treatment

Antibiotics and notification of partners (correct)

Only symptomatic treatment

Surgical intervention only

What defines the primary stage of syphilis?

Symptoms manifesting 5 to 90 days after infection Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately describes how Hepatitis B is transmitted?

Via various bodily fluids including blood, saliva, and breast milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of HPV types 16 and 18?

They are associated with a high percentage of cervical cancer cases Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are typically associated with pelvic inflammatory disease?

Fever, abnormal discharge, and pelvic tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of infertility in a couple?

Not achieving pregnancy after one year of trying, or five months if the woman is over 35 Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluids can transmit HIV?

Breast milk and vaginal secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is seroconversion in relation to HIV?

The development of antibodies to HIV in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which types of HPV are primarily responsible for cervical cancer?

HPV types 16 and 18 Signup and view all the answers

What are key symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

Fever, abnormal discharge, and pelvic tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym TORCH stand for regarding pregnancy infections?

Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor affecting male fertility?

Structural or hormonal disorders Signup and view all the answers

How is infertility defined for women older than 35?

Inability to conceive after 5 months of trying Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of Assisted Reproductive Technology?

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following infections with their transmission routes:

HIV = Transmitted through blood, saliva, sweat, and semen HPV = Sexual contact HSV-1 = Non-sexual contact causing cold sores HSV-2 = Sexual contact causing genital lesions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their related terms:

Infertility = Inability to conceive after 1 year of trying Seroconversion = Transition to HIV+ status after infection TORCH = Group of infections impacting pregnancy IUI = Example of Assisted Reproductive Technology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key symptoms with the corresponding condition:

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease = Fever over 38.3°C and irregular bleeding Cervical Cancer = HPV types 16 and 18 related Infertility = Inability to sustain a pregnancy Stress Management = Lifestyle modification for fertility improvement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following categories of factors affecting fertility:

Female Fertility Factors = Hormonal and ovulatory factors Male Fertility Factors = Structural or hormonal disorders Lifestyle Factors = Substance abuse and obesity Uterine Factors = Conditions affecting the uterus Signup and view all the answers

Match the reproductive conditions with their management strategies:

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease = Broad-spectrum antibiotics and rest Infertility = 1 year of trying without success Stress Management = Exercise and modest weight loss IUI = Method for assisted conception Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with their characteristics:

Chlamydia = Most common bacterial STI HIV = Retrovirus transmitted through body fluids HPV = Primary cause of cervical cancer types 16 and 18 Syphilis = Transmitted through microscopic abrasions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their accuracy regarding fertility:

15% of couples = Approximately affects reproductive-age couples 2% chance = Chance of conception in each cycle for a fertile couple 5-10% weight loss = Recommended for women to improve fertility 6-12 weeks = Timeframe for HIV seroconversion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following prevention strategies with their descriptions:

Abstinence = Complete avoidance of sexual activity Mutually monogamous relationships = Exclusive relationships with uninfected partners Safe sex practices = Use of barriers to reduce STI transmission Regular screening = Annual STI check-ups for high-risk individuals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reproductive conditions with their characteristics:

HIV = Retrovirus transmitted through body fluids HPV = Commonly affects sexually active women Pelvic Inflammatory Disease = Causes pelvic tenderness Herpes simplex = Includes two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of HPV with their associated outcomes:

HPV type 16 = Primary cause of cervical cancer HPV type 18 = Associated with genital warts Type 1 HSV = Causes cold sores Type 2 HSV = Associated with cervical cancer risk Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their risk factors for STIs:

Sexually active teens = Yearly screening recommended Individuals with multiple partners = Higher risk for STIs Women over 35 = Screened after 5 months of trying to conceive Pregnant women = Screened during first and third trimesters Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the condition they are associated with:

Pelvic inflammatory disease = Fever and pelvic tenderness Chlamydia = Often asymptomatic but highly destructive Herpes (HSV-1) = Causes cold sores Herpes (HSV-2) = Causes genital lesions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of hepatitis with their transmission routes:

Hepatitis A = Primarily through contaminated food and water Hepatitis B = Transmitted through blood and sexual fluids Hepatitis C = Mainly through blood-to-blood contact Hepatitis D = Only occurs in those infected with Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

Match the following STI management approaches with their treatments:

Chlamydia = Antibiotics like azithromycin Syphilis = Penicillin treatment HPV = Vaccination and monitoring HIV = Antiretroviral therapy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of syphilis with their time frames:

Primary stage = 5-90 days after exposure Secondary stage = 6 weeks to 6 months Latent stage = Asymptomatic phase after initial infection Tertiary stage = Can occur years after initial infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following infertility definitions with their explanations:

Infertility = Inability to conceive after one year of trying Secondary infertility = Inability to conceive after already having a child Fertility window = Time frame in which conception is most likely Male factor infertility = Infertility due to male reproductive issues Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

STIs are infections spread through intimate contact involving more than 30 organisms.
Common STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HPV, HIV, herpes, CMV, and hepatitis (A, B, C).
Risk factors for STIs include unprotected sex, multiple partners, and a history of STIs.
Prevention strategies include abstinence, mutually monogamous relationships with uninfected partners, and safe sex practices.

Chlamydia

Yearly screening is recommended for sexually active teens, women aged 20-25, high-risk individuals over 25, and all pregnant women in the first and third trimesters.
Treatment involves antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin) and partners must be notified and treated.
Untreated chlamydia can lead to salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Symptoms include fever (>38.3°C), abnormal discharge, irregular bleeding, and pelvic tenderness.
Management includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, rest, semi-Fowlers position, and analgesics.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV types 16 and 18 are linked to cervical cancer, and around half of sexually active women will get infected during their lifetime.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

HSV-1 typically causes oral herpes (fever blisters), while HSV-2 is associated with genital herpes.
HSV-2 is linked to a higher cervical cancer risk compared to HSV-1.

Hepatitis B

Transmitted through blood, saliva, sweat, tears, breast milk, and sexual fluids.
Healthcare workers and IV drug users are at high risk.

HIV

HIV is a retrovirus transmitted through body fluids.
Seroconversion (testing positive) occurs within 6-12 weeks after infection.

Infertility

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of trying, or five months if the woman is over 35.
Infertility impacts roughly 15% of reproductive-age couples.
Factors affecting female fertility include hormonal/ovulatory, tubal, uterine, and vaginal/cervical issues.
Male fertility factors include structural/hormonal disorders, sperm quality issues, and lifestyle factors (substance abuse, obesity).
Lifestyle improvements include reducing hot tub use (men), exercise, stress management, and modest weight loss (5-10%) for women.

Syphilis

Transmitted through microscopic abrasions; primary (5-90 days), secondary (6 weeks-6 months) stages.
Can be transmitted transplacentally during pregnancy.

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is an example of ART.

TORCH Infections (Pregnancy)

Important infections to consider during pregnancy: Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella, mumps, parvovirus, HIV), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex (TORCH).

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Description

This quiz covers essential information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including common types, risk factors, prevention strategies, and specific focus on chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It is designed to test your understanding of the transmission, treatment, and implications of STIs for different populations.