Sexually Transmitted Infections Overview

Infections spread through intimate contact, involving various organisms.

STI requiring yearly screening, treated with antibiotics, can lead to PID or infertility in women.

Infection of a woman's reproductive organs; symptoms include fever and pelvic pain; treated with antibiotics.

Common STI associated with cervical cancer risk.

Herpes simplex virus; oral or genital; genital type has higher cervical cancer risk.

Transmitted through bodily fluids; high risk for healthcare workers and IV drug users.

Retrovirus transmitted through body fluids; seroconversion occurs in 6-12 weeks.

Inability to conceive after a year of trying; can be caused by various issues for both men and women.

Infectious disease with stages; can be transmitted during pregnancy.

A group of infections relevant during pregnancy, encompassing several infectious agents.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections caused by more than 30 organisms primarily transmitted through close, intimate contact.

Common STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HPV, HIV, herpes (I and II), CMV, and hepatitis (A, B, C).

Individuals engaging in unprotected sex, multiple partners, or those with a history of STIs are at higher risk.

Primary prevention strategies for STIs include abstinence, mutually monogamous relationships with uninfected partners, and safe sex practices.

HPV types 16 and 18 are primary causes of cervical cancer; about 50% of sexually active women will become infected in their lifetime.

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through blood, saliva, sweat, tears, breast milk, and sexual fluids.

HIV is a retrovirus transmitted through body fluids; seroconversion occurs within 6 to 12 weeks after infection.

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of trying or after five months if the woman is over 35 years old.

The process where the body develops antibodies against HIV, typically within 6-12 weeks after infection.

These specific strains of HPV are the primary causes of cervical cancer.

HSV-1 causes cold sores and is usually non-sexual, while HSV-2 causes genital lesions and is sexually transmitted.

A range of factors can contribute to infertility in women, including hormonal imbalances, tubal blockages, uterine issues, and vaginal or cervical problems.

Male infertility can stem from structural or hormonal problems, poor sperm quality, and lifestyle factors like substance abuse or obesity.

The inability to conceive after one year of trying or after six months if the woman is over 35.

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI, often silent and highly destructive. If left untreated, it can cause salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility.

Syphilis progresses in distinct stages: Primary stage (5-90 days), Secondary stage (6 weeks to 6 months). It can also be transmitted transplacentally during pregnancy.

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through bodily fluids including blood, saliva, sweat, tears, breast milk, and sexual fluids.

PID is an infection of a woman's reproductive organs, leading to symptoms like fever and pelvic pain. It is often treated with antibiotics.

PID presents with symptoms like fever (>38.3°C), abnormal discharge, irregular bleeding, and pelvic tenderness. It can be a serious complication of STIs.

HPV types 16 and 18 are the primary causes of cervical cancer. About 50% of sexually active women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime.

HSV-1 typically causes non-sexual lesions (cold sores), while HSV-2 is associated with genital lesions and is sexually transmitted. Both increase cervical cancer risk.

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of trying or after five months if the woman is over 35 years old.

HIV can be spread through various bodily fluids, including blood, saliva, sweat, tears, breast milk, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, and semen.

Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease include fever (above 38.3°C), abnormal vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding, and pelvic pain.