Sexually Transmitted Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for gonorrhea?

  • Treponema pallidum
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (correct)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Trichomonas vaginalis

    • Most men infected with gonorrhea show symptoms.

    False (B)

    What is the typical treatment for gonorrhea?

    Cephalosporins, usually ceftriaxone.

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae is classified as a __________ diplococcus.

    <p>gram negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each sexually transmitted infection with its corresponding causative agent:

    <p>Gonorrhea = Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia = Chlamydia trachomatis Syphilis = Treponema pallidum Trichomoniasis = Trichomonas vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can untreated gonorrhea cause in women?

    <p>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gonorrhea can infect the eyes of newborns, leading to __________ if left untreated.

    <p>blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended oral antibiotic for treating gonorrhea when ceftriaxone is not feasible?

    <p>Cefixime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of chlamydia in women?

    <p>Itchy skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At least 70% of women with chlamydia experience symptoms.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forms of the Chlamydia organism required for infection?

    <p>Elementary body (EB) and Reticulate body (RB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chlamydia is primarily acquired through direct contact with _____ membranes or abraded skin.

    <p>mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease?

    <p>Chlamydia trachomatis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with their respective gender for chlamydia infection:

    <p>Pain during urination = Men Unusual vaginal discharge = Women Bleeding after sex = Women Pain in testicles = Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reticulate body of chlamydia contains a cell wall.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name an antibiotic used to treat chlamydia.

    <p>Doxycycline or Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary confirmatory test for diagnosing Treponema pallidum infection?

    <p>TPHA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reactive nontreponemal test coupled with a reactive treponemal test indicates the absence of syphilis.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a reactive result in a treponemal test indicate?

    <p>Active, past, or successfully treated infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a vaginal pH greater than _____ and a fishy odor that can be detected during the 'whiff test'.

    <p>4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in females?

    <p>Bacterial vaginosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women with bacterial vaginosis often notice significant symptoms.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flora is lacking in bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Lactobacillus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>RPR testing = Screening test for syphilis TPHA = Confirmatory test for Treponema pallidum Whiff test = Assessment for bacterial vaginosis Vaginal pH test = Determining acidity levels in vaginal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary bacterial species associated with bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Gardnerella vaginalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacterial vaginosis is a sexually transmitted infection.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one potential complication of untreated bacterial vaginosis.

    <p>spontaneous abortion or preterm delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common treatment for bacterial vaginosis includes _______ vaginal gel.

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices increases the risk of developing bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Intravaginal practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of cervicitis?

    <p>inflammation of the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following treatments with their corresponding bacterial infections:

    <p>Azithromycin = Chancroid Ceftriaxone = Gonorrhea Ciprofloxacin = Bacterial vaginosis Erythromycin = Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of prostatitis?

    <p>Painful urination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the RPR test primarily detect?

    <p>Antibodies against cardiolipin and lecithin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The RPR test is a quantitative test for syphilis screening.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensitivity range of nontreponemal tests for syphilis in the primary and secondary infection stages?

    <p>75% in primary stage to virtually 100% in secondary stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    False positives in the RPR test can occur due to damage to host tissue from ______.

    <p>infection, immunization, pregnancy, age-related changes, or autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following test names with what they detect:

    <p>RPR = Antibodies against cardiolipin and lecithin TPHA = Anti-treponemal antibodies (IgG and IgM) Nontreponemal tests = Screening for syphilis Treponema pallidum = Bacterium causing syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a complication of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

    <p>Ectopic pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tertiary stage of syphilis does not cause any damage to the nervous system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are mixed in the RPR test to observe clumping?

    <p>Cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary initial symptom of primary syphilis?

    <p>A round, painless sore (chancre)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a healthy person, an RPR test should show a reactive result.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syphilis is caused by the bacterium __________.

    <p>Treponema pallidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of result reading in the RPR test?

    <p>Flocculation or clumping of the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of syphilis with their symptoms:

    <p>Primary syphilis = Painless sore (chancre) Secondary syphilis = Non-itchy rash and lesions Latent syphilis = No symptoms Tertiary syphilis = Severe complications affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly used for early-stage syphilis?

    <p>Benzathine penicillin injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conjunctivitis can be a neonatal infection complication caused by syphilis.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two symptoms that may appear during secondary syphilis?

    <p>Non-itchy rash and white or grey lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Chlamydia

    A bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

    Gonorrhea

    A bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, characterized by green/yellow discharge.

    Treponema pallidum

    The bacterium that causes syphilis, a serious STI.

    Trichomoniasis

    A parasitic STI caused by the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite.

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    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

    A serious complication of untreated gonorrhea in women, causing fallopian tube damage.

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    Complications of Gonorrhea

    Include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and scrotal swelling.

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    Treatment for Gonorrhea

    Involves antibiotics like ceftriaxone or cefixime and sometimes azithromycin.

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    Gram-negative diplococci

    The bacterial structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, described as 'gonococci'.

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    Ectopic Pregnancy

    A pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube.

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    Epididymitis

    Inflammation of the epididymis, often causing pain and swelling in men.

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    Primary Syphilis

    First stage of syphilis characterized by a painless sore (chancre).

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    Secondary Syphilis

    Second stage of syphilis with rash and lesions appearing on the body.

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    Tertiary Syphilis

    Final stage of syphilis that can cause severe health issues like brain damage.

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    Treating Syphilis

    Syphilis is treatable with benzathine penicillin, especially in early stages.

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    RPR test

    A macroscopic test used to screen for syphilis through flocculation.

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    Antibody detection

    RPR detects antibodies against substances from damaged cells, not the bacterium itself.

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    Flocculation

    The process where particles clump together, indicating a reaction in the RPR test.

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    Reactive result

    Indicates that clumping occurred in the RPR test, suggesting possible syphilis infection.

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    False positives

    Incorrectly positive results due to factors like infection or autoimmune diseases in the RPR test.

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    Sensitivity of tests

    The accuracy of detecting syphilis increases with the duration of infection.

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    TPHA test

    A test that detects anti-treponemal antibodies in serum or CSF using passive haemagglutination.

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    Qualitative test

    The RPR test is qualitative, meaning it shows the presence or absence of antibodies, not quantity.

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    Disseminated Gonococcal Infection

    A rare infection that causes fever and affects multiple organs like skin, heart, and joints.

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    Chlamydia trachomatis

    The most prevalent sexually transmitted disease with often no symptoms in women.

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    Symptoms in Women for Chlamydia

    Often asymptomatic; common symptoms include pain during urination and abnormal discharge.

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    Complication: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

    Infection leading to damage of reproductive organs and possible sterility.

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    Elementary Body (EB)

    The infectious extracellular form of Chlamydia that initiates infection.

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    Reticulate Body (RB)

    The noninfectious, metabolically active form of Chlamydia inside host cells.

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    Transmission of Chlamydia

    Spread through direct contact with mucous membranes during sexual activities.

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    Symptoms in Men for Chlamydia

    Often asymptomatic, but can include burning during urination and testicular pain.

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    Reactive serology

    Positive test results indicating an infection or prior exposure.

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    Syphilis diagnosis

    Confirmed with reactive non-treponemal and treponemal tests together.

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    Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

    A common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge, lacking lactobacillus spp.

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    Whiff test

    Adding potassium hydroxide reveals a fishy odor in BV.

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    Vaginal pH > 4.5

    A sign of bacterial vaginosis due to loss of healthy bacteria.

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    Bacterial Vaginosis

    A shift from normal vaginal flora to diverse harmful bacteria, mainly Gardnerella vaginalis.

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    Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis

    Clindamycin or Metronidazole used to restore normal flora.

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    Complications of Untreated BV

    Can lead to pregnancy issues, increased STIs risk, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

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    Risk Factors for BV

    Vaginal douching and intercoursing with open lesions can increase BV risk.

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    Signs of STIs in Females

    Include asymptomatic cases, dysuria, and urethral discharge.

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    Orchitis

    Inflammation of the testicles, often due to mumps, causing pain and swelling.

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    Chancroid

    A painful genital ulcer caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, opposite of painless chancre from syphilis.

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    Cervicitis

    Inflammation of the cervix, often seen with STIs.

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    Study Notes

    Microbiology for Health Science FHS 204

    • Systemic infections (bacteriology) are covered.
    • Microbes interact with different systems.

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

    • Three bacterial STIs: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis).
    • One parasitic STI: Trichomoniasis.

    Bacterial Reproductive Tract Infections: Gonorrhea

    • Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci), gram-negative diplococci.
    • Adheres to urinary tract, producing endotoxin (Lipooligosaccharide, LOS) causing fallopian tube damage.
    • Symptoms: thick, green/yellow discharge; pain with urination; in women, bleeding between periods.
    • Significant complication: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
    • PID causes damage to fallopian tubes.
    • PID can result in sterility and ectopic pregnancy.
    • Many infected men and half of infected women demonstrate no symptoms.
    • Treatment: antibiotics (cephalosporins), such as ceftriaxone (injected) and cefixime (oral) with azithromycin if ceftriaxone is not possible

    Bacterial Reproductive Tract Infections: Chlamydia

    • This STI is the most prevalent of all STDs.
    • Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
    • Symptoms (in women): Usually no symptoms (over 70% asymptomatic), pain when urinating, unusual vaginal discharge, stomach/pelvic pain, pain during sex, bleeding after sex and periods
    • Symptoms in men: Usually no symptoms in (50% asymptomatic), pain when urinating, and urethral discomfort and discharge.
    • Complication: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), damage to fallopian tubes and resulting sterility, and ectopic pregnancies.
    • Treatment: antibiotics (doxycycline and azithromycin).

    Bacterial Reproductive Tract Infections: Syphilis

    • Caused by Treponema pallidum.
    • Diagnosed with tests like RPR and TPHA.
    • Gram-negative spirochete bacterium.
    • Has three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
    • Diagnosed via immunofluorescence, dark-field microscopy, or silver impregnation.
    • Primary syphilis: painless sore (chancre) at the site of infection (genitals/anus/lips).
    • Secondary syphilis: skin rash and lesions.
    • Tertiary syphilis: severe damage to various organs, including cardiovascular and nervous systems (possible death).
    • Often asymptomatic during latent stages.
    • Treatment: Penicillin G (the preferred choice).

    Possible Complications of STIs

    • Untreated gonorrhea can lead to PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility in women.
    • Untreated gonorrhea and Chlamydia can cause infertility and PID in men and women
    • Untreated syphilis can damage the cardiovascular and nervous systems (leading possibly to death).
    • Congenital syphilis; untreated syphilis can have severe consequences for the unborn child, such as stillbirth, neonatal death, premature birth, low birth weight and life-long health problems.

    General Bacterial Vaginosis

    • Most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women.
    • A shift in vaginal microbial environment from typical lactobacillus to overgrowth of various other bacteria.
    • Associated with vaginal pH greater than 4.5 and absence of lactobacillus species.
    • Often asymptomatic.
    • May have thin, whitish, or greyish discharge and a foul fishy odor.
    • May result in burning and itching sensation.
    • Associated with PID and increased risk of other STIs.

    Bacterial infections such as Chancroid

    • Caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
    • Characterized by painful, necrotic genital ulcers.
    • Often accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy.
    • Highly contagious but curable.
    • Treatment: Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, or Erythromycin.
    • Transmission occurs via direct contact.

    General Summary of STI clinical manifestations

    • Some STIs are asymptomatic, especially in females.
    • Common symptoms include dysuria, urethral discharge, vaginitis, genital lesions, and cervicitis.
    • Complications include PID, infertility, and other organ-system damage.

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    Test your knowledge on sexually transmitted infections, focusing on gonorrhea and chlamydia. This quiz covers symptoms, causative agents, treatment options, and complications associated with untreated infections. Perfect for students in health and biology courses.

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