Sexually Transmitted Infections Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing infections like bacterial vaginosis, yeast, and trichomoniasis?

  • Wet mount
  • Rapid test
  • Affirm test (correct)
  • Visual examination

    • Which types of HPV are primarily associated with noncancerous genital warts?

  • Type 6 and 11 (correct)
  • Type 16 and 18
  • Type 45 and 58
  • Type 31 and 33

    • What is a common presumptive treatment indicator for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

  • Abdominal pain
  • Vaginal discharge
  • High fever
  • Cervical motion tenderness (CMT) (correct)

    • At what ages does the CDC recommend screening for HIV?

    <p>13-64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are the most common causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

    <p>Chlamydia and Gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Bacterial Vaginosis?

    <p>Smelly discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing Bacterial Vaginosis?

    <p>Gram stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is typically NOT required for Chlamydia unless other health issues are present?

    <p>Test of cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herpes is primarily responsible for genital herpes?

    <p>HSV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the treatment strategy for HSV?

    <p>Suppressive therapy can be utilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Syphilis do skin rashes primarily occur?

    <p>Secondary stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment for Primary Syphilis?

    <p>Benzathine penicillin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of Syphilis is the RPR test reported in a titer?

    <p>Secondary stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with an increased risk of HIV?

    <p>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used for the presumptive diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

    <p>Clinical examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which time frame do genital warts associated with HPV typically resolve?

    <p>Usually within a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary test used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV in all ages from 13 to 64?

    <p>Rapid test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is generally observed in a woman with Bacterial Vaginosis?

    <p>Mild to no symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Chlamydia is true?

    <p>Co-treatment of patient and partner is advisable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of HSV, which treatment option focuses on minimizing outbreak frequency?

    <p>Suppressive treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important counseling point for managing HSV?

    <p>Coping with anxiety may be required for management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Syphilis is characterized by the presence of ulcers or chancres?

    <p>Primary stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing is primarily used for diagnosing HSV?

    <p>PCR assays for HSV DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for early stages of Syphilis?

    <p>Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM as a single dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is responsible for the most common STI?

    <p>Chlamydia trachomatis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical criterion indicates bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Thin white discharge present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacterial Vaginosis

    • Most common sexually transmitted infection (STI)
    • Diagnosed with a gram stain (gold standard)
    • Clinical criteria: thin white discharge, clue cells, pH >4.5, fishy odor with the "whiff test"

    Chlamydia

    • Most common STI (highest permissible or potentially allowed in 49 states)
    • Test of cure is not typically required unless there are other co-morbidities (like pregnancy, HIV)
    • Try to treat patient and partner together
    • No sexual intercourse for 7 days

    HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)

    • Lifelong viral infection
    • HSV-1 (oral herpes) and HSV-2 (genital herpes)
    • Many people are asymptomatic but still shed virus
    • Testing: PCR assays for HSV DNA and IGG testing (often part of an STI panel)

    Syphilis

    • Systemic disease caused by Treponema pallidum
    • Divided into four stages: primary (ulcers or chancre at infection site), secondary (skin rashes and swollen lymph nodes), tertiary (advanced disease), early latent (first year), late latent or unknown duration (after the first year)
    • Diagnosis: Trep-pal test and RPR (reported in titer with a fourfold change, e.g., 1:4 to 1:16 indicating infection)

    Trichomoniasis

    • Usually has minimal or no symptoms
    • Consider in any woman with discharge, high-risk behaviors
    • Wet mount diagnosis has low sensitivity
    • Gold standard diagnosis: Affirm (tests for BV, yeast, and trich)

    Genital Warts

    • Caused by HPV types 6 or 11
    • Noncancerous
    • Usually diagnosed visually
    • Usually resolves within a year

    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

    • Infection of the upper female genital tract
    • Most common cause: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
    • Increases risk of HIV
    • Difficult to diagnose, presumptive treatment often required: CMT, uterine tenderness, adnexal tenderness

    HPV Vaccine

    • Available to help prevent HPV infections

    HIV

    • Screen everyone ages 13-64
    • Part of the STI panel
    • Rapid testing is most common; positive results are confirmed

    Bacterial Vaginosis

    • Most common cause: Gardnerella vaginalis
    • Vaginal fluid pH >4.5
    • Characterized by smelly discharge
    • Diagnosis: gram stain (gold standard)
    • Clinical criteria (need at least 3):
      • Thin white discharge
      • Clue cells
      • pH >4.5
      • Fishy odor with the "whiff test"

    Chlamydia

    • Most common STI
    • Permissible or potentially allowed in 49 states (prohibited in South Carolina)
    • Test of cure is not required unless other co-morbidities exist (like pregnancy, HIV)
    • Treat patient/partner together if possible
    • No sexual intercourse for 7 days

    HSV

    • Life-long viral infection
    • HSV-1 & HSV-2:
      • HSV-2 = genital herpes
      • HSV-1 = oral herpes
    • Many people have no signs or symptoms while shedding the virus
    • Testing:
      • PCR assays for HSV DNA
      • IGG testing (often as part of an STI panel)

    Syphilis

    • Systemic disease caused by Treponema pallidum
    • Stages:
      • Primary: ulcers or chancre at infection site
      • Secondary: skin rashes; swollen lymph nodes
      • Tertiary: advanced disease
      • Early latent: first year
      • Late latent or unknown duration: after first year
    • Diagnosis:
      • Trep-pal test and RPR
        • RPR reported in titer
        • Fourfold change (1:4 to 1:16) indicates infection

    Trichomoniasis

    • Usually no or very mild symptoms
    • Consider in any woman with discharge, high-risk behaviors, or if not included in standard screening
    • Diagnosis:
      • Wet mount (low sensitivity)
      • Gold standard - Affirm (checks for BV, yeast, trich)

    Genital Warts

    • Caused by HPV (type 6 or 11)
    • Noncancerous
    • Diagnosis: usually visual
    • Treatment: usually resolves in a year

    PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

    • Infection of the upper female genital tract
    • Most common cause - Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
    • Increased risk of HIV
    • Difficult to diagnose
    • Presumptively treat for PID:
      • Cervical motion tenderness
      • Uterine tenderness
      • Adnexal tenderness

    HIV

    • Screen all ages 13-64
    • Part of STI panel
    • Rapid test most common; positive results need confirmation
    • Referral for further management

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    Sexually Transmitted Diseases (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz covers the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Bacterial Vaginosis, Chlamydia, HSV, and Syphilis. Learn about their diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment options. Test your knowledge on these critical health topics.

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