Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the stigma in a flower?
What is the process called when pollen from one flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower?
Which of the following is NOT a function of petals in a flower?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ovary in a flower?
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What is the name given to the fusion of the male and female germ cells?
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What is the function of the pollen tube that grows out of the pollen grain?
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What is the main difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?
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After fertilization, what happens to the ovule?
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What does a stamen primarily produce in a flowering plant?
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Which part of the flower contains the ovules?
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What best describes a flower that contains both stamens and carpels?
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What is the term for the transfer of pollen within the same flower?
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Which of these is NOT a method of pollen transfer?
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After fertilization, the zygote develops into what structure inside the ovule?
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What does the style do for the sperm cells after pollination?
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What is the appearance of pollen grains typically described as?
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Which part of a flower is primarily designed to attract pollinators?
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What happens to the ovule after fertilization?
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Study Notes
Reproductive Parts of Angiosperms
- Reproductive organs are located in the flower, comprising sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
- Stamens are male reproductive parts that produce yellowish pollen grains.
- Carpels are female reproductive parts, structured into three parts: ovary (contains ovules), style (middle segment), and stigma (top part, often sticky).
Flower Types
- Unisexual flowers contain either stamens (male) or carpels (female) – examples include papaya and watermelon.
- Bisexual flowers have both stamens and carpels – examples include hibiscus and mustard.
Fertilization Process
- Pollen grains from the stamen must be transferred to the stigma for fertilization to occur.
- Self-pollination occurs when pollen transfers within the same flower.
- Cross-pollination occurs when pollen transfers between different flowers, facilitated by wind, water, or animals.
Formation of Zygote and Seed
- After landing on the stigma, a tube extends from the pollen grain through the style to the ovary to reach the egg cell in the ovule.
- Successful fertilization forms a zygote, which divides to create an embryo within the ovule.
- The ovule hardens into a seed, while the ovary matures into a fruit.
Post-Fertilization Changes
- Other flower parts (petals, sepals, stamens, style, stigma) may shrink and detach after fertilization.
- Seeds contain embryos that develop into seedlings in favorable conditions, a process called germination.
Advantages of Seed Formation
- Seeds ensure the future propagation of plants, providing protection and nourishment to the developing embryo.
- They can remain dormant until conditions are right for germination, increasing survival chances for the next generation.
Reproductive Parts of Angiosperms
- Reproductive organs are located in the flower, comprising sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
- Stamens are male reproductive parts that produce yellowish pollen grains.
- Carpels are female reproductive parts, structured into three parts: ovary (contains ovules), style (middle segment), and stigma (top part, often sticky).
Flower Types
- Unisexual flowers contain either stamens (male) or carpels (female) – examples include papaya and watermelon.
- Bisexual flowers have both stamens and carpels – examples include hibiscus and mustard.
Fertilization Process
- Pollen grains from the stamen must be transferred to the stigma for fertilization to occur.
- Self-pollination occurs when pollen transfers within the same flower.
- Cross-pollination occurs when pollen transfers between different flowers, facilitated by wind, water, or animals.
Formation of Zygote and Seed
- After landing on the stigma, a tube extends from the pollen grain through the style to the ovary to reach the egg cell in the ovule.
- Successful fertilization forms a zygote, which divides to create an embryo within the ovule.
- The ovule hardens into a seed, while the ovary matures into a fruit.
Post-Fertilization Changes
- Other flower parts (petals, sepals, stamens, style, stigma) may shrink and detach after fertilization.
- Seeds contain embryos that develop into seedlings in favorable conditions, a process called germination.
Advantages of Seed Formation
- Seeds ensure the future propagation of plants, providing protection and nourishment to the developing embryo.
- They can remain dormant until conditions are right for germination, increasing survival chances for the next generation.
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Description
Understand the reproductive parts of angiosperms and their functions in flowering plants. Learn about the roles of stamens, carpels, petals, and sepals in plant reproduction.
