Plant Biology Quiz: Meiosis and Reproduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of meiosis in ferns?

  • To produce gametes for fertilization
  • To produce spores (correct)
  • To generate diploid cells
  • To enhance vegetative reproduction

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes angiosperms from other plant groups?

  • They have vascular tissue.
  • They are photosynthetic.
  • They reproduce sexually.
  • They produce seeds enclosed in fruits. (correct)

In the lifecycle of ferns, which stage is diploid?

  • Sporophyte (correct)
  • Spore
  • Sporangium
  • Gametophyte

Which structure is responsible for receiving pollen in a flower?

<p>Stigma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anther in a flower?

<p>To produce pollen grains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are gametophytes in ferns?

<p>Haploid plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does spore development occur in ferns?

<p>Within the sporangium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower connects the stigma to the ovary?

<p>Style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the sporophyte cells in ferns during spore production?

<p>They undergo meiosis to produce spores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of a complete flower?

<p>Pollen tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is commonly used as a remedy for kidney and bladder problems?

<p>Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared characteristic between Boston Fern and Staghorn Fern?

<p>Both are popular ornamental plants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant has a unique appearance and helps maintain humidity?

<p>Staghorn Fern (Platycerium bifurcatum) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an edible vegetable listed in the content?

<p>Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of spores do homosporous ferns produce?

<p>Uniform spores only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential, but not explicitly mentioned use, for the plants discussed in this content?

<p>Some plants might have uses beyond those explicitly listed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the gametophytes of homosporous ferns?

<p>They can develop into either male or female gametophytes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a heterosporous fern?

<p>Selaginella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In heterosporous ferns, what do microspores develop into?

<p>Male gametophytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the gametophytes of heterosporous ferns?

<p>Male gametophytes produce only sperm, while female produce only eggs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

<p>Transports water and minerals from the roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a leaf is primarily flat and broad?

<p>Blade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for carrying food produced during photosynthesis?

<p>Phloem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the petiole in a leaf?

<p>Connects the leaf to the stem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following flower parts is responsible for reproduction?

<p>Stamens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant generation in the life cycle of ferns?

<p>Sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are mosses typically found?

<p>Damp, shady environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the gametophyte generation in ferns?

<p>Often called a prothallus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these plants is NOT an example of a fern?

<p>Liverwort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "epiphytic" refer to?

<p>Living on other plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a spore and a gamete in the context of plant reproduction?

<p>Gametes are produced by the gametophyte, spores by the sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the life cycle of mosses?

<p>The gametophyte produces its own gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is NOT true about ferns?

<p>The gametophyte generation of ferns is large and prominent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gametophyte stage in the plant life cycle?

<p>To produce gametes (sperm and egg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the sporophyte stage of the life cycle?

<p>Meiosis to produce haploid spores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from the fusion of male and female gametes?

<p>A zygote (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the protonema?

<p>The thread-like, young stage of gametophyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does meiosis in the sporophyte stage primarily produce?

<p>Haploid spores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the alternation of generations, which phase follows the formation of the zygote?

<p>Development into a sporophyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the male reproductive structure in moss?

<p>Antheridia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic composition of a mature sporophyte?

<p>Diploid (2n) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower serves as the sticky tip of the female reproductive organ?

<p>Stigma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in supporting the flowering stalk?

<p>Pedicel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage in the fern life cycle is responsible for producing spores?

<p>Sporophyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the corolla refer to in a flower?

<p>Collective name for the petals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower is responsible for containing ovules?

<p>Ovary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the prothallus in the fern life cycle?

<p>To provide a site for fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the sporophyte in mosses?

<p>It is dependent on the gametophyte for nourishment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage produces gametes (sperm and egg) in both ferns and mosses?

<p>Gametophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sporophyte in ferns?

<p>Dependent on the gametophyte for nourishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between the life cycles of ferns and mosses?

<p>Ferns have a dominant sporophyte, while mosses have a dominant gametophyte. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization in ferns is more successful than in mosses because:

<p>Ferns have sporophyte structures that provide more protection for fertilization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the zygote in the life cycle of both ferns and mosses?

<p>To develop into the dominant stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the gametophyte in both ferns and mosses?

<p>It produces both male and female reproductive organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete leaf in Indonesian?

<p>Daun Lengkap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the leaf is known as the leaf stalk?

<p>Tangkai Daun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Tulang Daun' translate to in English?

<p>Leaf Vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of leaf structure, what might 'Kepala Daun' refer to?

<p>Leaf Apex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parts is not typically found in a leaf diagram?

<p>Bunga (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sporophyte

The dominant stage of ferns, diploid (2n).

Spores

Haploid (n) cells produced by ferns' sporangium.

Prothallus

Heart-shaped structure from fern spore, produces sex organs.

Gametophyte

The dominant stage in mosses, haploid (n), produces gametes.

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Fertilization

Process of sperm fertilizing egg, forming a diploid (2n) zygote.

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Difference in Dominance

Ferns have sporophyte dominance, mosses have gametophyte dominance.

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Habitat Needs

Ferns thrive in various habitats, mosses in moist environments.

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Sporophyte Development

In mosses, sporophyte grows from zygote and is dependent on gametophyte.

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Metagenesis

The alternating life cycle of ferns with two phases: sporophyte and gametophyte.

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Spore Production

The process where ferns produce haploid spores via meiosis.

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Sporangium

Structure in which spores develop in ferns.

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Moss

A non-vascular plant with a dominant gametophyte generation.

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Gametophyte in Moss

The larger, dominant generation that produces gametes in mosses.

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Sporophyte in Moss

The smaller, dependent generation in mosses, relies on gametophyte.

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Fern

A vascular plant with a dominant sporophyte generation.

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Gametophyte in Ferns

The smaller generation, often called prothallus, dependent for reproduction.

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Sporophyte in Ferns

The larger, dominant generation that produces spores in ferns.

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Moss Habitat

Primarily found in damp and shady environments.

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Fern Habitat

Ferns thrive in diverse habitats including terrestrial and epiphytic.

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Alternation of Generations

The cycle with two distinct stages: gametophyte and sporophyte.

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Meiosis

Process where diploid sporophyte forms haploid spores.

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Protonema

The young, filamentous stage of the gametophyte.

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Gametangia

Structures that produce male (antheridia) or female (archegonia) gametes.

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Paku sayır

A plant whose leaves are edible vegetables (Diplazium esculentum).

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Semanggi

Edible plant known for its leaves, used as a vegetable (Marsilea crenata).

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Maidenhair Fern

A medicinal fern used for respiratory issues containing antioxidants (Adiantum capillus-veneris).

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Horsetail

A herb used for kidney and bladder problems, good for bones (Equisetum arvense).

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Boston Fern

Popular ornamental plant that filters air (Nephrolepis exaltata).

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Homosporous Ferns

Ferns that produce uniform spores that develop into bisexual gametophytes.

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Heterosporous Ferns

Ferns that produce two types of spores: microspores and megaspores for male and female gametophytes, respectively.

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Gametophyte Development

In homosporous ferns, spores develop into bisexual gametophytes; in heterosporous, they develop into male or female gametophytes.

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Microspores and Megaspores

Microspores form male gametophytes; megaspores form female gametophytes in heterosporous ferns.

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Examples of Ferns

Homosporous examples include ancient ferns; heterosporous examples include Selaginella and Marsilea.

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Angiosperms

Group of flowering plants producing seeds in fruit.

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Stigma

Receptive part of the flower for pollen.

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Anther

Part of the stamen that produces pollen.

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Style

Stalk that connects stigma and ovary.

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Filament

Stalk that supports the anther.

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Stigma (kepala Putik)

The sticky tip of the female part of the flower.

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Anther (Kepala Sari)

The part of the stamen that produces pollen.

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Filament (benang Sari)

The stalk that holds up the anther.

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Ovary (Ovarium)

The enlarged basal portion of the pistil that contains ovules.

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Calyx (kelopak bunga)

The collective name for the sepals of a flower.

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Daun Lengkap

The complete leaf structure of a plant.

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Kepala Daun

The head or apex part of a leaf.

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Tulang Daun

The veins of the leaf that provide structure and transport.

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Pelepah

The sheath that surrounds the base of the leaf stem.

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Tangkai Daun

The stalk that connects the leaf to the stem.

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Xylem

Tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the plant.

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Phloem

Tissue that transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

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Petiole

The stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem of the plant.

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Blade

The flat part of a leaf that captures sunlight for photosynthesis.

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Stamens

The pollen-producing reproductive part of a flower.

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Study Notes

### Metagenesis in Ferns

  • Metagenesis is a life cycle that involves two alternating phases: sporophyte and gametophyte.
  • In ferns, the sporophyte, which is diploid, produces spores through meiosis.
  • Spores germinate into the gametophyte, which is haploid.
  • The gametophyte produces gametes (sperm and egg) through mitosis.
  • Fertilization of the gametes produces a zygote.
  • The zygote develops into a new sporophyte, completing the cycle.

### Characteristics of Mosses

  • Mosses have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle.
  • The gametophyte is photosynthetic and relatively large compared to the sporophyte.
  • The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and support, growing directly out of the gametophyte.
  • Mosses commonly inhabit moist, shady environments.

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