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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the female gametophytic structure in bryophytes and pteridophytes?
What is the function of the pistil in a flower?
What is the result of the fusion of the polar nuclei in the embryo sac?
What is the term used to describe the male sex organ in a flower?
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In angiosperms, what is the function of the anther?
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What is the structure that encloses the ovules in angiosperms?
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What is the number of cells in the embryo sac of angiosperms?
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What is the term used to describe the process by which the megaspore mother cell produces the embryo?
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Study Notes
Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
- In angiosperms, pollen grains and ovules are developed within specialized structures called flowers.
- Seeds are enclosed within fruits.
Classification
- Angiosperms are divided into two classes: dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
Sex Organs
Male Sex Organs
- The male sex organ in a flower is the stamen.
- Each stamen consists of a slender filament with an anther at the tip.
- Anthers, following meiosis, produce pollen grains.
- Mature pollen grains consist of two sperm cells and a vegetative cell.
Female Sex Organs
- The female sex organ in a flower is the pistil or carpel.
- The pistil consists of an ovary enclosing one or more ovules.
- Vegetative cells are present.
Sperm Cells and Embryo Sac
- One of the cells of the ovule, called the megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to form the embryo.
- Each embryo sac has a three-celled egg apparatus and two polar nuclei in the central cell.
- The egg apparatus consists of one egg cell and two synergids, and there are three antipodal cells.
- The embryo sac is an 8-nucleate and 7-celled structure.
Floral Structures
- Anther: produces pollen grains.
- Stigma: receives pollen grains.
- Filament: slender part of the stamen.
- Stamen: male sex organ.
- Pistil: female sex organ.
- Style: narrow part of the pistil.
- Petal: colorful part of the flower.
- Sepal: green leaf-like part of the flower.
- Receptacle: part of the flower that connects the peduncle.
- Peduncle: stalk of the flower.
Absence of Archegonium in Angiosperms
- The term archegonium is not used in angiosperms because the female gametophyte is limited to the embryo sac.
- Archegonium is a term used in bryophytes and pteridophytes, where it represents a distinct female gametophytic structure.
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Description
Learn about flowering plants, their reproductive structures, and the characteristics of dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
