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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the female gametophytic structure in bryophytes and pteridophytes?
What is the term used to describe the female gametophytic structure in bryophytes and pteridophytes?
What is the function of the pistil in a flower?
What is the function of the pistil in a flower?
What is the result of the fusion of the polar nuclei in the embryo sac?
What is the result of the fusion of the polar nuclei in the embryo sac?
What is the term used to describe the male sex organ in a flower?
What is the term used to describe the male sex organ in a flower?
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In angiosperms, what is the function of the anther?
In angiosperms, what is the function of the anther?
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What is the structure that encloses the ovules in angiosperms?
What is the structure that encloses the ovules in angiosperms?
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What is the number of cells in the embryo sac of angiosperms?
What is the number of cells in the embryo sac of angiosperms?
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What is the term used to describe the process by which the megaspore mother cell produces the embryo?
What is the term used to describe the process by which the megaspore mother cell produces the embryo?
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Study Notes
Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
- In angiosperms, pollen grains and ovules are developed within specialized structures called flowers.
- Seeds are enclosed within fruits.
Classification
- Angiosperms are divided into two classes: dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
Sex Organs
Male Sex Organs
- The male sex organ in a flower is the stamen.
- Each stamen consists of a slender filament with an anther at the tip.
- Anthers, following meiosis, produce pollen grains.
- Mature pollen grains consist of two sperm cells and a vegetative cell.
Female Sex Organs
- The female sex organ in a flower is the pistil or carpel.
- The pistil consists of an ovary enclosing one or more ovules.
- Vegetative cells are present.
Sperm Cells and Embryo Sac
- One of the cells of the ovule, called the megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to form the embryo.
- Each embryo sac has a three-celled egg apparatus and two polar nuclei in the central cell.
- The egg apparatus consists of one egg cell and two synergids, and there are three antipodal cells.
- The embryo sac is an 8-nucleate and 7-celled structure.
Floral Structures
- Anther: produces pollen grains.
- Stigma: receives pollen grains.
- Filament: slender part of the stamen.
- Stamen: male sex organ.
- Pistil: female sex organ.
- Style: narrow part of the pistil.
- Petal: colorful part of the flower.
- Sepal: green leaf-like part of the flower.
- Receptacle: part of the flower that connects the peduncle.
- Peduncle: stalk of the flower.
Absence of Archegonium in Angiosperms
- The term archegonium is not used in angiosperms because the female gametophyte is limited to the embryo sac.
- Archegonium is a term used in bryophytes and pteridophytes, where it represents a distinct female gametophytic structure.
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Description
Learn about flowering plants, their reproductive structures, and the characteristics of dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
