Sexual Health and Contraception

Introduction

• Sexual health encompasses physical, emotional, and social well-being related to sexuality.
• Sexual health necessitates a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and relationships.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

• STDs spread through sexual contact, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex.
• STDs can be caused by bacteria (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia), parasites (trichomoniasis), or viruses (HPV, HSV, HIV).

Methods of Contraception

• Contraception refers to deliberate methods used to prevent pregnancy.
• Contraception offers health benefits such as delaying pregnancies in young girls, reducing unwanted pregnancies, spacing pregnancies, limiting the number of children, and securing maternal and child health.

Natural Family Planning

• Also known as Periodic Abstinence and Fertility Awareness Methods.
• Fertility awareness requires women to identify their fertile window, the time when they can become pregnant.
• This is achieved through calendar-based or symptoms-based methods that can be used individually or in combination for increased effectiveness.

Calendar-Based Method

• Relies on tracking the menstrual cycle to determine fertile days.

Artificial Method

• Examples include hormonal methods, barrier methods, and surgical methods.

Benefits of Using Contraception

• Delaying pregnancies in young girls.
• Reducing unwanted pregnancies.
• Spacing pregnancies for better health outcomes.
• Limiting the number of children based on individual desires and circumstances.
• Securing maternal and child health through planned pregnancies.

Sexual Health

• Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, and social well-being related to sexuality.
• It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and relationships.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are spread through sexual contact including anal, vaginal, or oral sex.
• STDs can be caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses.

STDs Caused by Bacteria:

• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
• Chlamydia

STDs Caused by Parasites:

• Trichomoniasis

STDs Caused by Viruses:

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Methods Of Contraception

• Contraception is the deliberate use of methods to prevent pregnancy.
• Contraception has a range of health benefits including delaying pregnancies in young girls, reducing unwanted pregnancies, spacing pregnancies, limiting the number of children, and securing maternal and child health.

Natural Family Planning

• Also known as Periodic Abstinence and Fertility Awareness Methods.
• Fertility awareness means a woman must be able to tell her fertility time, or when she can become pregnant.
• This is done through calendar-based or symptoms-based methods.
• Calendar-based and symptoms-based methods are most effective when used in combination.

Calendar-Based Method

• This method tracks a woman's menstrual cycle to predict her fertile window.
• It is not as effective as other methods because it may not accurately predict ovulation.

Artificial Method

• This method involves using external tools or actions to prevent pregnancy.
• Examples include Condoms, Pills, etc.

Benefits of Contraception:

• Delaying pregnancies in young girls
• Reducing unwanted pregnancies
• Spacing pregnancies
• Limiting the number of children
• Securing maternal and child health