Chapter 8: Healthy Sexuality Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which ancient method involves the use of a ball of wool dipped in a paste?

Coitus interruptus

Douching with vinegar

Jumping after intercourse

Ball of wool in vagina (correct)

What is the main purpose of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

Where fertilization takes place (correct)

Conducting sperm to the ovaries

Maturing ova

Conceiving the fetus

How long does it typically take for an immature sperm cell to reach maturity?

73 days (correct)

28 days

14 days

56 days

What is coitus reservatus commonly referred to as?

Pulling out Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the cervix to the fallopian tubes?

Uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in choosing a method to prevent unintended pregnancy?

Choosing a method that both partners are comfortable using properly. Signup and view all the answers

What does the failure rate of a contraceptive method typically measure?

The percentage of couples who experience pregnancy within the first year of use. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical failure rate for not using any method of pregnancy prevention?

85% Signup and view all the answers

Why is vaginal douching ineffective as a method of preventing pregnancy?

Sperm can enter the uterus within seconds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes fertility awareness methods?

Strategies to avoid intercourse during unsafe days of the menstrual cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of minimally effective methods of pregnancy prevention?

They have a typical failure rate ranging from 17-23%. Signup and view all the answers

What do barrier methods of contraception primarily do?

Prevent the movement of sperm in the female reproductive tract. Signup and view all the answers

What role do safe days play in fertility awareness methods?

They are days least likely to result in fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the essential components of WHO's definition of healthy sexuality?

Physical, mental, and social well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for using fertility control?

To promote sexual irresponsibility Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraception is primarily focused on hormonal methods that do not include estrogen?

Progestin-only contraception Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier method of contraception blocks sperm from reaching the egg?

Condom Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason that many people do not utilize fertility-control methods?

Social stigma associated with discussing sexuality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common factor contributing to the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Multiple sexual partners Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the nine risk factors for acquiring an STD?

Engaging in unprotected sex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following STDs is caused by a bacterial infection?

Gonorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intrauterine device (IUD)?

Alter the timing of an embryo's movement through the fallopian tube Signup and view all the answers

Which hormonal contraceptives are classified as combination methods?

Birth control pill, skin patch, and vaginal ring Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a hormonal contraceptive method?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is a common unpleasant side effect of hormonal contraceptives?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the failure rate of extremely effective contraceptive methods like IUDs?

Less than 1% Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage associated with the use of an IUD?

Heavier menstrual flow or cramps Signup and view all the answers

How is Neisseria gonorrhea primarily transmitted?

Through genital, oral, or anal sexual contact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contraceptive options is designed to kill or weaken sperm?

Spermicidal foams and gels Signup and view all the answers

What is the first noticeable sign of syphilis?

Chancre (painless open sore) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a beneficial side effect of hormonal contraceptives?

Reduction in bleeding days Signup and view all the answers

What stage follows if syphilis is left untreated after the chancre heals?

Secondary stage Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if syphilis reaches the latency period without treatment?

Bacteria can damage vital organs Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes HSV-2 from HSV-1?

HSV-2 is associated with lesions in the genital area Signup and view all the answers

How long after infection do genital lesions typically appear in HSV-2?

2 to 20 days Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature does the herpes simplex virus exhibit once initially infected?

It remains dormant in nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of these infections is primarily transmitted through breaks in the skin?

Syphilis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of HIV infection?

Men having sex with men Signup and view all the answers

What activity necessitates seeking HIV testing?

Injecting drugs using shared equipment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of pubic lice infection?

Fever and chills Signup and view all the answers

How are pubic lice primarily transmitted?

Body-to-body contact Signup and view all the answers

Which method is effective in eliminating pubic lice infestation?

Washing with lice-killing liquids or shampoos Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism causes scabies?

Mites Signup and view all the answers

Where do scabies mites primarily inhabit within the human body?

Burrowed in the skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with pubic lice transmission?

Using shared towels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 8: Healthy Sexuality - Preventing Unintended Pregnancy and STDs

This chapter covers healthy sexuality, focusing on preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Learning objectives include listing reasons for fertility control, defining failure rates for various methods, describing combination hormonal contraception and progestin-only contraception, and explaining IUD use.
Additional objectives cover barrier methods, fertility-awareness methods, reasons for not using fertility control, and the five most common STDs in North America.
Further objectives involve identifying risk factors for STDs, safer sex practices, and treatments for specific STDs (trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and anogenital warts).

Healthy Sexuality Definition

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines healthy sexuality as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality.
It's more than just the absence of disease, dysfunction, or infirmity.
A positive and respectful approach, pleasurable and safe experiences, and freedom from coercion, discrimination, and violence are crucial aspects of healthy sexuality.
Personal health perspective represents aspects of life individuals control, emphasizing the importance of responsible sexuality for overall well-being.

Preventing Unintended Pregnancy

Ancient methods included using acacia bark, dates, honey, douching, and forcing the woman to jump or sneeze after intercourse.
Modern methods still in use include coitus reservatus and coitus interruptus ("pulling out").
Approximately 65 million women in the US are in their most fertile stage; about 65% of these women use contraception.

How Pregnancy Occurs

Pregnancy begins with fertilization.
Sperm are continually produced in the testes, taking about 73 days to mature.
Sperm mix with seminal fluids.
Females produce a fertilizable ovum (released from the ovary about every 28 days), maintaining fertility for about 24 hours after release.
Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes.
The fertilized ovum travels to the uterus, where it implants and develops into a fetus.
The cervix acts as a barrier to sperm and microorganisms.
Most ejaculated sperm becomes trapped and dies
The majority of ejaculated sperm moves through the cervix & into fallopian tubes
Only one sperm penetrates the ovum's outer covering
The zygote travels to uterus for implantation

The Menstrual Cycle

Menstruation is the process of uterine lining and blood vessels sloughing off and exiting the vagina if fertilization doesn't occur.
The menstrual cycle involves near-monthly periods of ovum production; cycle lengths typically range from 24 to 35 days, though irregularities are common.
Symptoms like cramps, headaches, and backache can accompany the cycle.

Methods for Preventing Unintended Pregnancy

Choosing a method depends on weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each method.
Couples choosing a method must ensure both partners are comfortable with its use.
Key factors include typical user failure rate (TFR) (percentage of women likely to get pregnant during the first year of use) and lowest user failure rate (most consistent).
Also, typical user failure rate (TFR) estimates how well a method performs when all errors and problems encountered during use are taken into account.

Ineffective Methods

Vaginal douching is ineffective as thousands of sperm enter the uterus and are not impacted by the process.
Douching can actually push sperm further up into the uterus.

Minimally Effective Methods

Includes fertility awareness methods, which attempt to determine the days in a woman's menstrual cycle when ovulation is most likely to occur.
Safer days are the days in the menstrual cycle when a woman is least likely to be fertile, though fertilization is still possible due to natural variations in reproductive processes.

Barrier Methods

Barrier methods aim to block sperm movement or prevent sperm from contacting spermicide.
Common barrier methods: male condoms, female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, contraceptive sponges, and spermicidal contraceptives.

Highly Effective Methods

Hormonal contraceptives are convenient, low-cost, reversible, and effective.
Combination estrogen/progesterone methods (like birth control pills, skin patches, and vaginal rings) exist, along with progestin-only methods (like the minipill, injectables, and implants).
Hormonal contraceptives may cause unpleasant side effects like nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention, headaches, weight gain, depression, decreased sex drive, and acne.
Side effects can include the disappearance of menstrual cramps, reduction in menstruation, lower risks of PID, benign breast disease, ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, and anemia.

Extremely Effective Methods

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small, T-shaped plastic objects placed inside the uterus; these prevent pregnancy by killing or weakening sperm, altering ovum/embryo timing, or inhibiting embryo implantation in the uterine lining.
The IUD and various IUD types remain in place as long as the user desires.
Injectable hormonal implants ("the shot") provide a 3-month supply of synthetic progestin hormone; these are gradually released into the body over time.
Injectable hormonal methods are replaced every 12 weeks. These are reversible by ceasing use.

Surgical Sterilization Methods

Includes tubal ligation and hysterectomy (for females) and vasectomy (for males).
Surgical methods permanently prevent the possibility of having children.
A hysterectomy removes the uterus and may also involve removal of the cervix, ovaries, tubes, and lymph nodes.

Emergency Contraception

Used for situations such as unprotected intercourse or contraceptive misuse.
Hormonal emergency contraception involves estrogen and progestin types taken in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
Alternative options like Plan B (levonorgestrel) or EllaOne (ulipristal) may be taken within various time frames after unprotected intercourse.
Emergency contraception reduces pregnancy risk by ~90% by blocking ovulation.

Abortion

Intentional, premature termination of pregnancy has several safe, medically administered methods.
These methods include taking medication or undergoing surgical procedures; these methods may differ depending on the week of pregnancy.

Aftereffects of Abortion

Feelings of anxiety, depression, or disappointment around the time of abortion are common.
Most women experience relief.
Some women may still experience trouble or find the experience too upsetting months later.

Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Eleven common STDs are found in North America.
Half of STDs occur in people under 25.
STDs are prevalent throughout history.
STDs are caused by vectors including bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, etc.

STD Risk Factors

Multiple partners
False sense of safety
Absence of symptoms
Untreated conditions
Impaired judgment
Lack of immunity
Body piercing
Value judgements
Denial

Preventing STDs

Vaccines for hepatitis B (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are available, though other STDs require consistent public health programs.
Infected individuals must seek treatment, take responsibility for not infecting others, practice safer sex, use condoms, and disclose any previous exposure to their partners.

Specific STD Information (Examples)

Trichomoniasis: Caused by protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis; symptoms typically occur in women and are diagnosed by vaginal fluid testing and treated with medication.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV): Caused by the overgrowth of certain bacteria; characterized by a fishy vaginal discharge, especially after intercourse; treated with metronidazole.
Chlamydia: Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; symptoms can include pain on urination, whitish discharge from the genitals; untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); treated with antibiotics.
Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are similar to chlamydia; treated with antibiotics.
Syphilis: Caused by Treponema pallidum; initial symptom is a painless sore; if left untreated, it advances to secondary and tertiary stages, leading to organ damage; treated with antibiotics.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2): Caused by herpes simplex virus; organism remains in the body; treated with antiviral medications; symptoms may relapse.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) & anogenital warts: Includes various types; some are non-cancerous, while others are linked to cervical cancer; treated with self-applied medications or by healthcare providers, who may also use cryosurgery, electrocautery, laser exposure, or other methods.
Hepatitis B: Caused by hepatitis B virus; can cause liver disease, fever, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, and jaundice. Treatment may not be required.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 8 of healthy sexuality, emphasizing the prevention of unintended pregnancies and STDs. You'll explore various contraceptive methods, reasons for fertility control, and identify common STDs and their treatments. Test your knowledge on safer sex practices and the importance of healthy sexual practices.