Chapter 8: Healthy Sexuality Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which ancient method involves the use of a ball of wool dipped in a paste?

  • Coitus interruptus
  • Douching with vinegar
  • Jumping after intercourse
  • Ball of wool in vagina (correct)
  • What is the main purpose of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

  • Where fertilization takes place (correct)
  • Conducting sperm to the ovaries
  • Maturing ova
  • Conceiving the fetus
  • How long does it typically take for an immature sperm cell to reach maturity?

  • 73 days (correct)
  • 28 days
  • 14 days
  • 56 days
  • What is coitus reservatus commonly referred to as?

    <p>Pulling out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the cervix to the fallopian tubes?

    <p>Uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in choosing a method to prevent unintended pregnancy?

    <p>Choosing a method that both partners are comfortable using properly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the failure rate of a contraceptive method typically measure?

    <p>The percentage of couples who experience pregnancy within the first year of use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical failure rate for not using any method of pregnancy prevention?

    <p>85% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is vaginal douching ineffective as a method of preventing pregnancy?

    <p>Sperm can enter the uterus within seconds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes fertility awareness methods?

    <p>Strategies to avoid intercourse during unsafe days of the menstrual cycle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of minimally effective methods of pregnancy prevention?

    <p>They have a typical failure rate ranging from 17-23%. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do barrier methods of contraception primarily do?

    <p>Prevent the movement of sperm in the female reproductive tract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do safe days play in fertility awareness methods?

    <p>They are days least likely to result in fertilization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the essential components of WHO's definition of healthy sexuality?

    <p>Physical, mental, and social well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for using fertility control?

    <p>To promote sexual irresponsibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contraception is primarily focused on hormonal methods that do not include estrogen?

    <p>Progestin-only contraception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier method of contraception blocks sperm from reaching the egg?

    <p>Condom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason that many people do not utilize fertility-control methods?

    <p>Social stigma associated with discussing sexuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common factor contributing to the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

    <p>Multiple sexual partners (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the nine risk factors for acquiring an STD?

    <p>Engaging in unprotected sex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following STDs is caused by a bacterial infection?

    <p>Gonorrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intrauterine device (IUD)?

    <p>Alter the timing of an embryo's movement through the fallopian tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormonal contraceptives are classified as combination methods?

    <p>Birth control pill, skin patch, and vaginal ring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a hormonal contraceptive method?

    <p>Diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common unpleasant side effect of hormonal contraceptives?

    <p>Nausea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the failure rate of extremely effective contraceptive methods like IUDs?

    <p>Less than 1% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage associated with the use of an IUD?

    <p>Heavier menstrual flow or cramps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Neisseria gonorrhea primarily transmitted?

    <p>Through genital, oral, or anal sexual contact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contraceptive options is designed to kill or weaken sperm?

    <p>Spermicidal foams and gels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first noticeable sign of syphilis?

    <p>Chancre (painless open sore) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a beneficial side effect of hormonal contraceptives?

    <p>Reduction in bleeding days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage follows if syphilis is left untreated after the chancre heals?

    <p>Secondary stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if syphilis reaches the latency period without treatment?

    <p>Bacteria can damage vital organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes HSV-2 from HSV-1?

    <p>HSV-2 is associated with lesions in the genital area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after infection do genital lesions typically appear in HSV-2?

    <p>2 to 20 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature does the herpes simplex virus exhibit once initially infected?

    <p>It remains dormant in nerve cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these infections is primarily transmitted through breaks in the skin?

    <p>Syphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common route of HIV infection?

    <p>Men having sex with men (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity necessitates seeking HIV testing?

    <p>Injecting drugs using shared equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of pubic lice infection?

    <p>Fever and chills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pubic lice primarily transmitted?

    <p>Body-to-body contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is effective in eliminating pubic lice infestation?

    <p>Washing with lice-killing liquids or shampoos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism causes scabies?

    <p>Mites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do scabies mites primarily inhabit within the human body?

    <p>Burrowed in the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with pubic lice transmission?

    <p>Using shared towels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Healthy Sexuality (WHO def)

    State of physical, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality. It's more than just not having a disease; it involves positive experiences, respect, and safety.

    Fertility Control Reasons

    Five reasons why people use fertility control, like preventing unintended pregnancies and STDs.

    Typical/Lowest Failure Rate

    Different methods of fertility control have different success rates, measured by how often they prevent unintended pregnancies.

    Combination Hormonal Contraception

    Contraception methods that combine estrogen and progestin hormones.

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    Progestin-Only Contraception

    Birth control methods that use only progestin hormones.

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    Intrauterine Device (IUD)

    A small device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

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    Barrier Methods

    Contraceptive methods that physically block sperm from reaching the egg, like condoms or diaphragms.

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    Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in North America

    Common infections spread through sexual contact.

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    Ancient pregnancy prevention methods

    Historical methods used to avoid pregnancy, including using substances like acacia bark, dates, and honey in the vagina, douching with water or mixtures, and having the woman jump or sneeze after intercourse.

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    Coitus reservatus/interruptus

    Methods of birth control involving the man not ejaculating or not ejaculating in the vagina.

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    Fertilization process

    The union of sperm and ovum resulting in pregnancy, takes place in the fallopian tube.

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    Ovum production

    The ovaries produce an ovum roughly every 28 days, which can survive for about 24 hours after release waiting for fertilization.

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    Uterus role in pregnancy

    The uterus is where the fertilized ovum develops into a fetus, connecting both fallopian tubes.

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    Unintended Pregnancy Prevention Methods

    Strategies to avoid unwanted pregnancies

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    Failure Rate

    Percentage of women getting pregnant during the first year of using a method.

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    Lowest User Failure Rate

    How well a method works when used correctly and consistently.

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    Typical User Failure Rate (TFR)

    Estimates method effectiveness including typical mistakes and issues.

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    Ineffective Pregnancy Prevention Methods

    Methods with high failure rates.

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    Fertility Awareness Methods

    Methods that track ovulation to predict fertile days.

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    Vaginal Douching

    Rinsing the vagina with fluid after intercourse to clear sperm

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    Spermicide

    A chemical that kills or weakens sperm, often used in combination with barrier methods like condoms or diaphragms.

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    Hormonal Contraceptives

    Contraceptive methods that rely on hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, to prevent ovulation or make cervical mucus thicker, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg.

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    Combination Hormonal Methods

    Contraceptive methods that use both estrogen and progesterone hormones. Examples include birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings.

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    Progestin-Only Methods

    Contraceptive methods that only use progesterone. Examples include the mini-pill, injections, and implants.

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    IUD: Advantages

    Extremely effective in preventing pregnancy, long-lasting, reversible, and can be used for several years.

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    IUD: Disadvantages

    May cause heavier menstrual flow or cramps, and requires medical insertion and removal.

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    Gonorrhea Infection

    A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea, which mainly affects mucous membranes. It's usually spread through genital, oral, or anal sexual contact.

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    Syphilis Transmission

    Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum and is transmitted through microscopic skin breaks during genital, oral, or anal contact, or through direct blood transfer. It can also be passed to the fetus during pregnancy.

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    Syphilis Latency Period

    If untreated, syphilis progresses to a latency period with no obvious symptoms while the bacteria continue to reproduce in various body parts.

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    Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

    HSV is a virus causing sores on the body. HSV-1 is associated with cold sores on the mouth, while HSV-2 is associated with lesions in the genital area.

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    Herpes Simplex Virus Recurrences

    HSV remains dormant in nerve cells, allowing for periodic recurrences of sores, even after initial infection.

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    Chlamydia Symptoms

    Chlamydia, an STI caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, often produces few or no symptoms, but can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

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    Syphilis Treatment

    Syphilis can be effectively treated with antibiotics at any stage of the infection.

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    Herpes Simplex Virus Treatment

    While there's no cure for HSV, antiviral medications can suppress outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission.

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    HIV Transmission Routes

    HIV is most commonly spread through sexual contact between men, sharing needles, and sexual contact with an infected person of the opposite sex. It's not transmitted through blood tests or donations.

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    HIV Testing: When to Consider?

    If you've used shared needles, had unprotected sex with men who have sex with men or multiple partners, exchanged sex for drugs or money, or have certain health conditions like hepatitis, consider getting tested.

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    Pubic Lice: What are they?

    Pubic lice, or 'crabs', are tiny insects that feed on blood and live in hair shafts, primarily in the genital area. They can also be found in armpits, beards, and eyelashes.

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    Pubic Lice: How are they spread?

    Pubic lice are spread through close body contact and can also be transmitted through contaminated objects like towels, bedding, and clothing.

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    Scabies: The Cause

    Scabies is caused by a tiny mite called Sarcoptes scabiei that burrows into the skin, where they live and lay eggs.

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    Scabies: Signs and Symptoms

    Scabies causes intense itching, especially at night, and a rash with tiny bumps or blisters.

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    Scabies: How to Eliminate

    Scabies can be treated with medication, but remember to also wash clothes, towels, and bedding in hot water to kill any remaining mites.

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    Risk Factors for Pubic Lice

    Pubic lice are spread through close body contact, sharing clothing, and using contaminated objects like towels and bedding.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 8: Healthy Sexuality - Preventing Unintended Pregnancy and STDs

    • This chapter covers healthy sexuality, focusing on preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
    • Learning objectives include listing reasons for fertility control, defining failure rates for various methods, describing combination hormonal contraception and progestin-only contraception, and explaining IUD use.
    • Additional objectives cover barrier methods, fertility-awareness methods, reasons for not using fertility control, and the five most common STDs in North America.
    • Further objectives involve identifying risk factors for STDs, safer sex practices, and treatments for specific STDs (trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and anogenital warts).

    Healthy Sexuality Definition

    • The World Health Organization (WHO) defines healthy sexuality as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality.
    • It's more than just the absence of disease, dysfunction, or infirmity.
    • A positive and respectful approach, pleasurable and safe experiences, and freedom from coercion, discrimination, and violence are crucial aspects of healthy sexuality.
    • Personal health perspective represents aspects of life individuals control, emphasizing the importance of responsible sexuality for overall well-being.

    Preventing Unintended Pregnancy

    • Ancient methods included using acacia bark, dates, honey, douching, and forcing the woman to jump or sneeze after intercourse.
    • Modern methods still in use include coitus reservatus and coitus interruptus ("pulling out").
    • Approximately 65 million women in the US are in their most fertile stage; about 65% of these women use contraception.

    How Pregnancy Occurs

    • Pregnancy begins with fertilization.
    • Sperm are continually produced in the testes, taking about 73 days to mature.
    • Sperm mix with seminal fluids.
    • Females produce a fertilizable ovum (released from the ovary about every 28 days), maintaining fertility for about 24 hours after release.
    • Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes.
    • The fertilized ovum travels to the uterus, where it implants and develops into a fetus.
    • The cervix acts as a barrier to sperm and microorganisms.
    • Most ejaculated sperm becomes trapped and dies
    • The majority of ejaculated sperm moves through the cervix & into fallopian tubes
    • Only one sperm penetrates the ovum's outer covering
    • The zygote travels to uterus for implantation

    The Menstrual Cycle

    • Menstruation is the process of uterine lining and blood vessels sloughing off and exiting the vagina if fertilization doesn't occur.
    • The menstrual cycle involves near-monthly periods of ovum production; cycle lengths typically range from 24 to 35 days, though irregularities are common.
    • Symptoms like cramps, headaches, and backache can accompany the cycle.

    Methods for Preventing Unintended Pregnancy

    • Choosing a method depends on weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each method.
    • Couples choosing a method must ensure both partners are comfortable with its use.
    • Key factors include typical user failure rate (TFR) (percentage of women likely to get pregnant during the first year of use) and lowest user failure rate (most consistent).
    • Also, typical user failure rate (TFR) estimates how well a method performs when all errors and problems encountered during use are taken into account.

    Ineffective Methods

    • Vaginal douching is ineffective as thousands of sperm enter the uterus and are not impacted by the process.
    • Douching can actually push sperm further up into the uterus.

    Minimally Effective Methods

    • Includes fertility awareness methods, which attempt to determine the days in a woman's menstrual cycle when ovulation is most likely to occur.
    • Safer days are the days in the menstrual cycle when a woman is least likely to be fertile, though fertilization is still possible due to natural variations in reproductive processes.

    Barrier Methods

    • Barrier methods aim to block sperm movement or prevent sperm from contacting spermicide.
    • Common barrier methods: male condoms, female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, contraceptive sponges, and spermicidal contraceptives.

    Highly Effective Methods

    • Hormonal contraceptives are convenient, low-cost, reversible, and effective.
    • Combination estrogen/progesterone methods (like birth control pills, skin patches, and vaginal rings) exist, along with progestin-only methods (like the minipill, injectables, and implants).
    • Hormonal contraceptives may cause unpleasant side effects like nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention, headaches, weight gain, depression, decreased sex drive, and acne.
    • Side effects can include the disappearance of menstrual cramps, reduction in menstruation, lower risks of PID, benign breast disease, ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, and anemia.

    Extremely Effective Methods

    • Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small, T-shaped plastic objects placed inside the uterus; these prevent pregnancy by killing or weakening sperm, altering ovum/embryo timing, or inhibiting embryo implantation in the uterine lining.
    • The IUD and various IUD types remain in place as long as the user desires.
    • Injectable hormonal implants ("the shot") provide a 3-month supply of synthetic progestin hormone; these are gradually released into the body over time.
    • Injectable hormonal methods are replaced every 12 weeks. These are reversible by ceasing use.

    Surgical Sterilization Methods

    • Includes tubal ligation and hysterectomy (for females) and vasectomy (for males).
    • Surgical methods permanently prevent the possibility of having children.
    • A hysterectomy removes the uterus and may also involve removal of the cervix, ovaries, tubes, and lymph nodes.

    Emergency Contraception

    • Used for situations such as unprotected intercourse or contraceptive misuse.
    • Hormonal emergency contraception involves estrogen and progestin types taken in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
    • Alternative options like Plan B (levonorgestrel) or EllaOne (ulipristal) may be taken within various time frames after unprotected intercourse.
    • Emergency contraception reduces pregnancy risk by ~90% by blocking ovulation.

    Abortion

    • Intentional, premature termination of pregnancy has several safe, medically administered methods.
    • These methods include taking medication or undergoing surgical procedures; these methods may differ depending on the week of pregnancy.

    Aftereffects of Abortion

    • Feelings of anxiety, depression, or disappointment around the time of abortion are common.
    • Most women experience relief.
    • Some women may still experience trouble or find the experience too upsetting months later.

    Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

    • Eleven common STDs are found in North America.
    • Half of STDs occur in people under 25.
    • STDs are prevalent throughout history.
    • STDs are caused by vectors including bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, etc.

    STD Risk Factors

    • Multiple partners
    • False sense of safety
    • Absence of symptoms
    • Untreated conditions
    • Impaired judgment
    • Lack of immunity
    • Body piercing
    • Value judgements
    • Denial

    Preventing STDs

    • Vaccines for hepatitis B (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are available, though other STDs require consistent public health programs.
    • Infected individuals must seek treatment, take responsibility for not infecting others, practice safer sex, use condoms, and disclose any previous exposure to their partners.

    Specific STD Information (Examples)

    • Trichomoniasis: Caused by protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis; symptoms typically occur in women and are diagnosed by vaginal fluid testing and treated with medication.
    • Bacterial vaginosis (BV): Caused by the overgrowth of certain bacteria; characterized by a fishy vaginal discharge, especially after intercourse; treated with metronidazole.
    • Chlamydia: Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; symptoms can include pain on urination, whitish discharge from the genitals; untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); treated with antibiotics.
    • Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are similar to chlamydia; treated with antibiotics.
    • Syphilis: Caused by Treponema pallidum; initial symptom is a painless sore; if left untreated, it advances to secondary and tertiary stages, leading to organ damage; treated with antibiotics.
    • Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2): Caused by herpes simplex virus; organism remains in the body; treated with antiviral medications; symptoms may relapse.
    • Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) & anogenital warts: Includes various types; some are non-cancerous, while others are linked to cervical cancer; treated with self-applied medications or by healthcare providers, who may also use cryosurgery, electrocautery, laser exposure, or other methods.
    • Hepatitis B: Caused by hepatitis B virus; can cause liver disease, fever, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, and jaundice. Treatment may not be required.

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    Week 11 - Healthy Sexuality PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 8 of healthy sexuality, emphasizing the prevention of unintended pregnancies and STDs. You'll explore various contraceptive methods, reasons for fertility control, and identify common STDs and their treatments. Test your knowledge on safer sex practices and the importance of healthy sexual practices.

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