Exam 2 Chapter 8

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Download our mobile app to listen on the go

Get App

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best describes the observed sex differences in general intelligence?

Sex differences in general intelligence are large and favor males, especially in adulthood.
There are no significant sex differences in general intelligence as measured by standardized tests. (correct)
Males show a slight advantage in general intelligence, particularly in early childhood.
Females consistently score higher than males on all measures of general intelligence.

Considering the research on verbal ability, which statement accurately reflects the sex differences observed?

Females exhibit a slight advantage in some verbal tasks, particularly during childhood; however, these differences are small. (correct)
Sex differences in verbal abilities are large and consistently favor females throughout the lifespan.
Verbal ability shows no discernible difference between sexes at any stage of development.
Males demonstrate significantly higher verbal reasoning scores across all age groups.

In which area of spatial ability does research consistently demonstrate a significant advantage for males?

Object recognition
Spatial visualization
Spatial perception
Mental rotation (correct)

How do sex differences in mathematical ability typically manifest across the lifespan?

Sex differences are minimal, with some studies showing slight advantages for males in certain complex problem-solving tasks in high school and beyond. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly contributes to observed sex differences in physical performance and athletics?

Biological factors like muscle mass and hormonal differences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the intersection of gender and identity influence school achievement?

Students may experience stereotype threat or feel pressure to conform to gendered academic norms, affecting their achievement. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes sex differences in success attributions?

Males are more likely to attribute success to internal factors like ability, while females attribute success to external factors like luck. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a primary assessment of the Eccles expectancy-value model of achievement?

Financial compensation (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Eccles' expectancy-value model, what does 'task value' specifically refer to?

The perceived importance, interest, utility, or cost associated with a task. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the gender gap in occupational achievement in computer science, engineering, and physics (CEP) fields?

Lack of female role models and gender stereotypes that discourage women from pursuing these fields. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

General Intelligence

Overall cognitive ability; research shows negligible differences between sexes.

Verbal Ability

Encompasses vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing; historically, females score higher, but the gap is closing.

Spatial Ability

Includes mental rotation, spatial perception, and spatial visualization; males typically outperform females, especially in mental rotation.

Mathematical Ability

No significant differences in early grades; high school males perform slightly better on complex problem-solving.