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Sex Differences in Immunity and Autoimmunity

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Sex Differences in Immunity and Autoimmunity

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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity involves nonspecific defense mechanisms that act immediately upon encountering an antigen?

Microbiome immunity

Autoimmune immunity

Adaptive immunity

Innate immunity (correct)

What is the key difference in response time between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?

Adaptive immunity has memory, whereas innate immunity does not (correct)

Adaptive immunity is immediate, while innate immunity takes days to establish

Innate immunity takes longer to establish than adaptive immunity

Adaptive immunity is more specific, while innate immunity is nonspecific

What percentage of patients with autoimmune diseases are women according to the text?

40%

80% (correct)

60%

20%

What is the risk of death from all malignant cancers for men compared to women according to the text?

1.6 times higher for men Signup and view all the answers

Which group shows a higher reported incidence of infection with seasonal influenza viruses according to the text?

Adult men Signup and view all the answers

Which gene on the X chromosome is mentioned as being involved in the immune response?

CD40L Signup and view all the answers

What is a main factor contributing to the differences in immune responses between females and males?

Genetic factors: sex chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is incomplete inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in females?

Overexpression of genes located on the X chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is mentioned as contributing to the differential expression of hundreds of genes between sexes?

VGLL3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microRNA (miRNA) in genetic expression regulation?

Maintain cellular homeostasis Signup and view all the answers