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Questions and Answers
Which of the following tranquilizers has the shortest duration of action?
Which of the following tranquilizers has the shortest duration of action?
Which tranquilizer has the longest onset of action?
Which tranquilizer has the longest onset of action?
Which tranquilizer has been used successfully in red-necked wallabies?
Which tranquilizer has been used successfully in red-necked wallabies?
Which tranquilizer has been used to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation?
Which tranquilizer has been used to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation?
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Which tranquilizer has a delayed onset of 5-7 days?
Which tranquilizer has a delayed onset of 5-7 days?
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Which condition in parrots can cause a white cell count over 30x10^9 /L?
Which condition in parrots can cause a white cell count over 30x10^9 /L?
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Which of the following is a potential cause of blood in the urates in snakes?
Which of the following is a potential cause of blood in the urates in snakes?
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What neurological condition can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 in snakes?
What neurological condition can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 in snakes?
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Which route is a good option for accessing the medullary cavity of the femur in lizards?
Which route is a good option for accessing the medullary cavity of the femur in lizards?
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Which access point for intraosseous administration may be difficult due to the angle of the femur?
Which access point for intraosseous administration may be difficult due to the angle of the femur?
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Which gauge size of needles may be used for intraosseous administration in lizards?
Which gauge size of needles may be used for intraosseous administration in lizards?
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Which species may require sedation or anesthesia for intraosseous access to the proximal tibia?
Which species may require sedation or anesthesia for intraosseous access to the proximal tibia?
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Which of the following is a potential concern when using sevoflurane in African Grey parrots?
Which of the following is a potential concern when using sevoflurane in African Grey parrots?
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What is a difference between the avian ECG and the mammalian ECG?
What is a difference between the avian ECG and the mammalian ECG?
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What is the advantage of using capnography during IPPV?
What is the advantage of using capnography during IPPV?
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Which vessels can be used to assess peripheral perfusion and pulse rate in birds?
Which vessels can be used to assess peripheral perfusion and pulse rate in birds?
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What is the main use of pulse oximeters in avian medicine?
What is the main use of pulse oximeters in avian medicine?
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Why should lizards never be restrained by their tails?
Why should lizards never be restrained by their tails?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended anaesthetic circuit for smaller rabbits (<1kg)?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended anaesthetic circuit for smaller rabbits (<1kg)?
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What is the normal temperature range for smaller rabbits?
What is the normal temperature range for smaller rabbits?
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Which reflex is generally lost early on in the course of anesthesia in most animals?
Which reflex is generally lost early on in the course of anesthesia in most animals?
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Which reflex is generally altered by the choice of anesthetic agent?
Which reflex is generally altered by the choice of anesthetic agent?
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What is the recommended method for capturing the head of waterfowl?
What is the recommended method for capturing the head of waterfowl?
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What effect can ketamine have on biochemistry parameters in ostriches?
What effect can ketamine have on biochemistry parameters in ostriches?
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Which drug can be used to reverse the effects of fentanyl in rabbits?
Which drug can be used to reverse the effects of fentanyl in rabbits?
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Which combination of drugs allows for the reduction of medetomidine and ketamine dosages in rabbits?
Which combination of drugs allows for the reduction of medetomidine and ketamine dosages in rabbits?
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Which drug has been suggested for general anesthesia in rabbits and at what rate?
Which drug has been suggested for general anesthesia in rabbits and at what rate?
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Which drug combination has been associated with myocardial damage in rabbits?
Which drug combination has been associated with myocardial damage in rabbits?
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Which drug is less irritant to the mucus membranes and better tolerated by rabbits than isoflurane?
Which drug is less irritant to the mucus membranes and better tolerated by rabbits than isoflurane?
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What is a common side effect during induction and intubation in rabbits under propofol anesthesia?
What is a common side effect during induction and intubation in rabbits under propofol anesthesia?
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Which drug can be used to reverse the effects of fentanyl in rabbits?
Which drug can be used to reverse the effects of fentanyl in rabbits?
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What is a potential side effect of fentanyl/fluanisone combinations in rabbits?
What is a potential side effect of fentanyl/fluanisone combinations in rabbits?
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Which drug combination allows for the reduction of medetomidine and ketamine dosages in rabbits?
Which drug combination allows for the reduction of medetomidine and ketamine dosages in rabbits?
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Which drug has been associated with myocardial damage in rabbits?
Which drug has been associated with myocardial damage in rabbits?
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What is the recommended rate of propofol administration for general anesthesia in rabbits?
What is the recommended rate of propofol administration for general anesthesia in rabbits?
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Which inhalation anesthetic is better tolerated by rabbits than isoflurane?
Which inhalation anesthetic is better tolerated by rabbits than isoflurane?
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Which species should care be taken in the use of sevoflurane due to their susceptibility to hypocalcaemia?
Which species should care be taken in the use of sevoflurane due to their susceptibility to hypocalcaemia?
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Which drug can be used as a ring block around amputations in birds to reduce the chances of post-operative self-mutilation?
Which drug can be used as a ring block around amputations in birds to reduce the chances of post-operative self-mutilation?
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Which vessels can be used for assessing peripheral perfusion and pulse rate in birds?
Which vessels can be used for assessing peripheral perfusion and pulse rate in birds?
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Which of the following is a potential cause of blood in the urates in snakes?
Which of the following is a potential cause of blood in the urates in snakes?
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What is the advantage of using capnography during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)?
What is the advantage of using capnography during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)?
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Which tranquilizer has been used to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation?
Which tranquilizer has been used to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation?
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Which tranquilizer has the shortest duration of action?
Which tranquilizer has the shortest duration of action?
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Which tranquilizer has been used successfully in red-necked wallabies?
Which tranquilizer has been used successfully in red-necked wallabies?
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Which tranquilizer has a delayed onset of 5-7 days?
Which tranquilizer has a delayed onset of 5-7 days?
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Which tranquilizer has been used in equids to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation?
Which tranquilizer has been used in equids to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation?
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Which tranquilizer has an onset of action of 1 hour and a duration of 3-4 days?
Which tranquilizer has an onset of action of 1 hour and a duration of 3-4 days?
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Which tranquilizer is dissolved in a sesame oil vehicle and is not easily obtainable in the UK currently?
Which tranquilizer is dissolved in a sesame oil vehicle and is not easily obtainable in the UK currently?
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Which type of anaesthetic circuit is recommended for smaller rabbits weighing less than 1kg?
Which type of anaesthetic circuit is recommended for smaller rabbits weighing less than 1kg?
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What is the normal respiratory rate for rabbits under anesthesia?
What is the normal respiratory rate for rabbits under anesthesia?
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Which reflex indicates that the plane of anesthesia is becoming too deep in rabbits?
Which reflex indicates that the plane of anesthesia is becoming too deep in rabbits?
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Which method is NOT a reliable indicator of the depth of anesthesia in rabbits?
Which method is NOT a reliable indicator of the depth of anesthesia in rabbits?
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What is a potential concern when using pulse oximetry in rabbits?
What is a potential concern when using pulse oximetry in rabbits?
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Which monitoring method has been found to be more accurate in assessing respiratory function in rabbits?
Which monitoring method has been found to be more accurate in assessing respiratory function in rabbits?
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Which condition is often associated with heavy metal, particularly lead poisoning?
Which condition is often associated with heavy metal, particularly lead poisoning?
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What neurological condition can snakes suffer from due to a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine)?
What neurological condition can snakes suffer from due to a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine)?
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Which route is a good option for accessing the medullary cavity of the femur in lizards?
Which route is a good option for accessing the medullary cavity of the femur in lizards?
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Which gauge size needles may be used for intraosseous administration in lizards?
Which gauge size needles may be used for intraosseous administration in lizards?
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Which species may require sedation or anesthesia for intraosseous access to the proximal tibia?
Which species may require sedation or anesthesia for intraosseous access to the proximal tibia?
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Which access point for intraosseous administration may be difficult due to the angle of the femur?
Which access point for intraosseous administration may be difficult due to the angle of the femur?
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Study Notes
Tranquilizers
- Midazolam has the shortest duration of action.
- Azaperone has the longest onset of action.
- Azaperone has been used successfully in red-necked wallabies.
- Detomidine has been used to allow introductions of new individuals into a herd situation.
- Domosedan has a delayed onset of 5-7 days.
Birds
- A white cell count over 30x10^9/L can be caused by a condition called leukocytosis.
- Blood in the urates in snakes can be caused by a condition called visceral gout.
- Vitamin B1 deficiency can cause a neurological condition called thiamine deficiency.
Anaesthesia
- Intraosseous administration can be accessed through the medullary cavity of the femur in lizards via the distal femur route.
- The proximal tibia access point for intraosseous administration may be difficult due to the angle of the femur in some species.
- 20-22 gauge size needles may be used for intraosseous administration in lizards.
- Some species, such as crocodiles, may require sedation or anesthesia for intraosseous access to the proximal tibia.
Monitoring
- Capnography is advantageous during IPPV as it allows for monitoring of CO2 levels.
- The brachial or tarsal vessels can be used to assess peripheral perfusion and pulse rate in birds.
- Pulse oximeters are mainly used to monitor oxygen saturation in avian medicine.
Restraint and Handling
- Lizards should never be restrained by their tails as it can cause injury.
- The recommended method for capturing the head of waterfowl is by approaching them from behind.
Anaesthetic Agents
- Ketamine can affect biochemistry parameters in ostriches.
- Nalbuphine can be used to reverse the effects of fentanyl in rabbits.
- A combination of medetomidine and ketamine allows for reduced dosages in rabbits.
- Alphaxalone can be used for general anesthesia in rabbits at a rate of 2mg/kg IV.
- The combination of fentanyl and fluanisone has been associated with myocardial damage in rabbits.
- Sevoflurane is better tolerated by rabbits than isoflurane.
- Propofol can cause apnea during induction and intubation in rabbits.
Species-Specific Considerations
- African Grey parrots may require special consideration when using sevoflurane due to their susceptibility to hypocalcaemia.
- Waterfowl require care when using sevoflurane due to their susceptibility to hypocalcaemia.
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Description
Quiz: Understanding the Effects of Sevoflurane on African Grey Parrots - Test your knowledge on the impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on plasma ionised calcium levels in African Grey parrots. Learn about precautions to take to prevent hypocalcaemia and the differences in cardiovascular and respiratory arrest compared to halothane anesthesia. Discover the importance of monitoring the heart using a stethoscope during the procedure.
