Session Four Exam: Learning Theory

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Questions and Answers

What does learned irrelevance in dogs indicate?

The dog develops a stronger response to the stimulus.

The dog learns to associate multiple stimuli at once.

The dog will never respond to the stimulus again.

The dog ignores signals that previously had meaning. (correct)

What is an example of positive punishment?

A dog is praised for staying quiet.

The leash is tightened when the dog pulls.

A dog receives a treat for sitting.

A loud sound scares the dog when it misbehaves. (correct)

Which statement accurately describes the Premack Principle?

Engaging in a less desirable activity increases the likelihood of a more desirable activity. (correct)

The opportunity to participate in a highly valued activity decreases the behavior of a less valued one.

It asserts that rewards always lead to an increase in behavior.

It states that all behaviors are equally likely to occur.

Which schedule of reinforcement provides the longest resistance to extinction?

Variable Ratio (VR) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about extinction in dogs is accurate?

It involves the removal of reinforcement leading to a decrease in behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Negative Reinforcement?

A person stops yelling when a dog follows a command. Signup and view all the answers

How does overshadowing affect a dog's response to stimuli?

The presence of a stronger stimulus causes the dog to ignore a weaker one. Signup and view all the answers

How would you best describe habituation?

The learning that occurs when a response becomes weaker due to repeated exposure. Signup and view all the answers

What does spontaneous recovery refer to?

The immediate return of a behavior after a period of abstinence. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best illustrates an aspect of classical conditioning?

A tone is followed by food, leading a dog to salivate. Signup and view all the answers

What does an extinction burst indicate in behavior modification?

A sudden increase in a previously rewarded behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which concept best describes an action that diminishes the occurrence of a behavior by applying an aversive consequence?

Positive Punishment Signup and view all the answers

In the context of operant conditioning, what does the 'C' in A.B.C. stand for?

Consequence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the stages of learning?

Acquisition, Fluency, Generalization, Maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement is characterized by the fulfillment of a biological need?

Primary Reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What is the best example of negative reinforcement in dog training?

Stopping an unpleasant noise when the dog performs a desired behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about clickers in dog training is true?

A clicker serves as a marker for a positive behavior Signup and view all the answers

What type of operant conditioning is being used when a dog is rewarded for sitting instead of jumping?

Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of implementing consequences in operant conditioning?

To ensure the behavior is maintained or modified Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct classification of removing a harsh collar during training when a dog behaves appropriately?

Negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

A learning process where events are associated, leading to an unconditioned response triggered by a conditioned stimulus.

Premack Principle

Describes how engaging in a preferred activity increases the likelihood of completing a less desirable behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase desired behavior, exemplified by releasing pressure on a dog's ear once it complies.

Habituation

Refers to decreased responsiveness to a repeated, meaningless stimulus, allowing the organism to focus on more significant stimuli.

Spontaneous Recovery

Occurs when a previously extinguished behavior reemerges upon presentation of the stimulus, indicating the behavior is still latent.

Learned Irrelevance

Occurs when a dog stops responding to a stimulus due to its lack of significance or meaning in the context of training.

Positive Punishment & Negative Reinforcement

Involves adding an unpleasant consequence (yanking a leash and yelling) and removing an aversive stimuli (the other dog leaving), which impacts behavior.

Operant Conditioning and Punishment

Punishment typically reduces the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Ratio Schedule

Variable Ratio (VR) schedule leads to high response rates and strong resistance to extinction due to unpredictability in reinforcement.

Overshadowing

Describes a scenario where a less salient stimulus is ignored when paired with a more dominant established stimulus.

Extinction

A process where previously reinforced behaviors decline due to discontinuation of reinforcement, leading to the learning of new behavior rules.

Extinction Burst

A phenomenon where an old behavior temporarily increases before extinction takes effect after reinforcement is removed.

A.B.C's of Operant Conditioning

Stands for Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence, highlighting the relationship between cues, actions, and outcomes.

Stages of Learning

The four stages are Acquisition, Fluency, Generalization, and Maintenance, representing the progress in learning and behavior mastery.

Reinforcement Types

Positive Reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to strengthen behavior, while Negative Reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to encourage behavior.

Clicker Training

A clicker is considered a Secondary (Conditioned) Reinforcer, not a Primary Reinforcer, as it signals impending rewards.

Differential Reinforcement

Involves reinforcing suitable behavior (like sitting) while reducing undesirable behavior (jumping), enhancing compliance without punishing.

Operant Conditioning Focus

Emphasizes the importance of consequences in shaping animal behavior, driving the formation and alteration of responses based on outcomes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in learning theory, focusing on classical conditioning and the Premack Principle. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how learning can be influenced by associations and desirable activities. Select the best answers to demonstrate your grasp of these theories.