30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of prostaglandins?
Producing protective mucous in stomach
Which enzyme does aspirin inhibit at the enzyme level?
Cyclooxygenase
How does aspirin relieve prostaglandin-induced pain, fever, and inflammation?
By blocking prostaglandin synthesis
What is one of the functions of prostaglandins in the body?
Increasing body temperature
How does aspirin treat inflammation from some autoimmune diseases?
By blocking prostaglandin synthesis
What effect do prostaglandins have on blood vessels?
They can constrict or dilate blood vessels
How do prostaglandins sensitize nerves to pain?
By enhancing the sensitivity of pain receptors
What is the role of prostaglandins in the production of protective mucous in the stomach?
They directly produce the mucous in the stomach
Which of the following is NOT a function of aspirin?
Initiating blood clotting
What is the primary function of prostaglandins in stimulating the hypothalamus?
To increase body temperature
Which hormone is found in the adrenal medulla and is secreted as preproAM, which is later cleaved to form mature AM?
Mid-regional AM (MR-proAM)
Which receptors mediate the effects of adrenomedullin (AM)?
AM1 and AM2 receptors
What are the downstream effects of adrenomedullin (AM) mediated by?
NO and in Phosphokinase A
What is the half-life of adrenomedullin (AM)?
22 minutes
What is the antagonist for adrenomedullin (AM)?
Adrecizumab
What is the primary function of relaxin (RLX-1)?
Inhibition of Fibrosis and Remodelling
What is the role of adrenomedullin (AM) in vascular injury?
Inhibition of Fibrosis and Remodelling
What does neprilysin do to adrenomedullin (AM)?
Metabolizes it
Which of the following is NOT a function of adrenomedullin (AM)?
Cardiac Output
What is the function of adrenomedullin (AM) in vascular and smooth muscles?
Vasodilation
Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing adrenomedullin (AM)?
Neprilysin
What is the primary function of adrenomedullin (AM) in vascular injury?
Inhibition of fibrosis and remodeling
Which receptor(s) mediate the effects of adrenomedullin (AM)?
Both AM1 and AM2 receptors
What is the half-life of adrenomedullin (AM)?
22 minutes
What is the antagonist for adrenomedullin (AM)?
Adrecizumab
Which of the following is NOT a function of prostaglandins?
Initiating blood clotting
What is the primary function of adrenomedullin (AM) in vascular injury?
Promoting vasodilation and inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation
How does aspirin relieve prostaglandin-induced pain, fever, and inflammation?
By blocking prostaglandin synthesis
What is the role of prostaglandins in the production of protective mucous in the stomach?
Promoting the production of protective mucous
Which enzyme does aspirin inhibit at the enzyme level?
Cyclooxygenase
Study Notes
Prostaglandins
- NOT a function of prostaglandins: transmitting nerve impulses
- One of the functions of prostaglandins in the body: stimulating the hypothalamus
- Role of prostaglandins in the production of protective mucous in the stomach: they increase mucous production
- Effect of prostaglandins on blood vessels: they cause vasodilation
- How prostaglandins sensitize nerves to pain: they increase the sensitivity of pain receptors
Aspirin
- NOT a function of aspirin: transmitting nerve impulses
- Enzyme that aspirin inhibits at the enzyme level: cyclooxygenase (COX)
- How aspirin relieves prostaglandin-induced pain, fever, and inflammation: by inhibiting COX, which reduces prostaglandin production
- How aspirin treats inflammation from some autoimmune diseases: by reducing prostaglandin production
Adrenomedullin (AM)
- Hormone found in the adrenal medulla and secreted as preproAM, which is later cleaved to form mature AM
- Receptors that mediate the effects of adrenomedullin (AM): calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP)
- Downstream effects of adrenomedullin (AM) mediated by: cAMP and NO pathways
- Half-life of adrenomedullin (AM): 22 minutes
- Antagonist for adrenomedullin (AM): AM22-52
- Primary function of adrenomedullin (AM) in vascular injury: vasodilation and reducing inflammation
- Role of adrenomedullin (AM) in vascular and smooth muscles: relaxation
- Enzyme responsible for metabolizing adrenomedullin (AM): neprilysin
- NOT a function of adrenomedullin (AM): vasoconstriction
Relaxin (RLX-1)
- Primary function of relaxin (RLX-1): relaxing smooth muscles during pregnancy
Test your knowledge on the serotonergic pathway and the role of serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and platelets. Learn about serotonin's regulation of bowel function, appetite reduction, and its effect on blood clot formation.
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