Prostaglandins and Bradykinin
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system?

  • Antibodies
  • Tissues
  • Pathogens (correct)
  • White blood cells

    • Which line of defense involves phagocytic white blood cells?

  • 2nd line of defense (correct)
  • Both 1st and 2nd lines of defense
  • 1st line of defense
  • 3rd line of defense

    • Which type of immunity is specific to a particular pathogen?

  • Innate immunity
  • Acquired immunity (correct)
  • Both innate and acquired immunity
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier in the innate immune response?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of defense holds off pathogens while the acquired immune response is mounted?

    <p>1st line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Responds within minutes or a few hours after infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves specialized lymphocytes and antibodies?

    <p>Acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical defense mechanism of the innate immune response?

    <p>Sebum and oleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a microbiome defense mechanism of the innate immune response?

    <p>Microbiota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a chemical defense mechanism of the innate immune response?

    <p>Defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a plasma protein mediator of the innate immune response?

    <p>Complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cytokine involved in the innate immune response?

    <p>Lysozyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical mediator that promotes inflammation and allergic responses?

    <p>Leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical barrier of the innate immune response?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is involved in the development of allergies and asthma?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is phagocytic and has a short lifespan?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is not phagocytic and has a single, large nucleus?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell attacks and destroys cancer cells and infected cells without the involvement of the immune system?

    <p>Natural Killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is crucial to both innate immunity and activation of acquired immunity?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is not actively phagocytic until it leaves the circulating blood and enters tissues, where it matures into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is concentrated in the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract and contains cytoplasmic granules?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells recognize Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS)?

    <p>Macrophages and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the innate immune response?

    <p>Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phagocytosis?

    <p>The capturing and digesting of foreign particles by phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are opsonins?

    <p>Substances that attach to microbes to increase the ability of phagocytes to attach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps of phagocytosis?

    <p>Attachment, phagosome formation, fusion with lysosomes, killing and digestion of pathogen, elimination of bacterial debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of inflammation?

    <p>Redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometimes loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation during inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines secreted by macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fever?

    <p>To inhibit rapid growth of microorganisms and support immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pyrogens?

    <p>Cytokines produced by leukocytes and viruses that cause elevated body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the immune system?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific study of how the immune system functions in the body to prevent or destroy foreign material, including pathogens?

    <p>Immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of defense involves physical barriers such as intact skin and mucous membranes?

    <p>1st line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of white blood cell is involved in the development of allergies and asthma?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the innate immune response?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of white blood cell attacks and destroys cancer cells and infected cells without the involvement of the immune system?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physical defense mechanism of the innate immune response?

    <p>Phagocytic white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is involved in the development of allergies and asthma?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fever?

    <p>To increase body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation during inflammation?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is concentrated in the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract and contains cytoplasmic granules?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is not phagocytic and has a single, large nucleus?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are opsonins?

    <p>Plasma proteins that enhance phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells recognize Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS)?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical mediator that promotes the inflammatory effects of kinins and histamines?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell attacks and destroys cancer cells and infected cells without the involvement of the immune system?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation during inflammation?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is concentrated in the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract and contains cytoplasmic granules?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pyrogens?

    <p>Substances that cause fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of defense holds off pathogens while the acquired immune response is mounted?

    <p>Second line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cytokine involved in the innate immune response?

    <p>Opsonins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the innate immune response?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of opsonization in phagocytosis?

    <p>To attach microbes to phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation during inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of inflammation?

    <p>Prevention of the spread of pathogens to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pyrogens?

    <p>Cytokines produced by leukocytes and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a plasma protein mediator of the innate immune response?

    <p>Complement proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is crucial to both innate immunity and activation of acquired immunity?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the innate immune response?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of defense involves phagocytic white blood cells?

    <p>Second line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>It responds within minutes or a few hours after infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the innate immune response?

    <p>Physical barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is crucial to both innate immunity and activation of acquired immunity?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical barrier of the innate immune response?

    <p>Intact skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical mediator that promotes inflammation and allergic responses?

    <p>Histamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is not actively phagocytic until it leaves the circulating blood and enters tissues, where it matures into macrophages?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cytokine involved in the innate immune response?

    <p>Complement proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical mediator that promotes the inflammatory effects of kinins and histamines?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cytokines stimulates migration of neutrophils and macrophages to infected tissues?

    <p>Chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein mediator marks pathogens for destruction by increasing the ability of phagocytes to attach to them?

    <p>Opsonins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is involved in macrophage activation and production of substances to interfere with RNA viral reproduction?

    <p>Interferons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical barrier in the innate immune response?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a population of microorganisms residing in the body without causing disease?

    <p>Microbiota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nonspecific innate immune response that stimulates production of chemical mediators or other cell functions?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is involved in the initial phase of infection and functions as phagocytes?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is involved in the defense against multicellular parasites and is associated with the development of allergies and asthma?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell produces histamine and is important in inflammation and allergic responses?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is not phagocytic and has a single, large nucleus?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is not phagocytic and plays a key role in acquired immunity?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is a type of mononuclear lymphocyte and attacks and destroys cancer cells and infected cells without the involvement of the immune system?

    <p>Natural Killer (NK) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is crucial to innate immunity and the activation of acquired immunity, and is found in the skin and tissues where pathogens can enter?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of phagocytosis?

    <p>It involves the engulfment and digestion of foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Rapid tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fever?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation during inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune response?

    <p>Acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is phagocytic and has a short lifespan?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Pyrogens?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of defense holds off pathogens while the acquired immune response is mounted?

    <p>Second line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the innate immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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