Sepsis Clinical Manifestations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what did Bone and colleagues propose in 1992?

  • That sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection. (correct)
  • That sepsis is a laudable event required for wound healing.
  • That sepsis is a systemic infection referred to as 'blood poisoning'.
  • That sepsis is a common and deadly disease.
  • What did Galen describe sepsis as?

  • A systemic infection referred to as 'blood poisoning'.
  • A laudable event required for wound healing. (correct)
  • A common and deadly disease.
  • A rotting flesh and festering wounds.
  • What did the germ theory propose in the nineteenth century?

  • That sepsis is a common and deadly disease.
  • That sepsis is a systemic infection referred to as 'blood poisoning'. (correct)
  • That sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection.
  • That sepsis is a laudable event required for wound healing.
  • What did research in the past 20 years reveal about sepsis?

    <p>Many patients develop acute organ dysfunction in response to infection without a measurable inflammatory excess.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key contributing factor to organ failure in sepsis?

    <p>Impaired anticoagulant mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory processes during infection?

    <p>They increase microvascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of coagulation disorders in sepsis?

    <p>Prevent spread of infection and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gut in the development of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about sepsis-related deaths worldwide?

    <p>Sepsis-related deaths represent 19.7% of all global deaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common underlying cause of sepsis across all age groups, both sexes, and all locations?

    <p>Diarrheal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the host immune response?

    <p>Recognizing and binding pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the immune response?

    <p>Recognizing endogenous molecules released from injured cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criterion for septic shock according to the 'Sepsis-3' clinical criteria?

    <p>Mean arterial pressure ≥65 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common source of sepsis?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common gram-positive isolate in sepsis cases?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence the incidence of sepsis?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ may lack significant structural damage while still having significant tubular-cell changes that impair function?

    <p>The kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of anti-inflammatory mechanisms mentioned in the text?

    <p>Humoral, cellular, and neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the so-called neuroinflammatory reflex mentioned in the text?

    <p>A reflex that reduces proinflammatory cytokine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of disrupting the neural-based system involved in the neuroinflammatory reflex?

    <p>Increased vulnerability to endotoxin shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system is most commonly affected in sepsis?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on Berlin criteria?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended screening tool for delirium in septic patients?

    <p>Both CAM-ICU and ICDSC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sepsis survivors experience long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability?

    <p>25-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of sepsis?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of adrenal dysfunction in sepsis?

    <p>Reversible dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT recommended for diagnosing relative glucocorticoid insufficiency in sepsis?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common accompanying abnormality in patients with suspected infection who are at risk for sepsis?

    <p>Tachypnea (respiratory rate, &gt;20 breaths/min)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of encounters in the 12-hospital cohort had leukocytosis (WBC count, >12,000/μL)?

    <p>&lt;50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of encounters in the 12-hospital cohort had leukopenia (WBC count, <4000/μL)?

    <p>&lt;50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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