Sepsis Clinical Manifestations Quiz

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According to the text, what did Bone and colleagues propose in 1992?

That sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection. (correct)

That sepsis is a laudable event required for wound healing.

That sepsis is a systemic infection referred to as 'blood poisoning'.

That sepsis is a common and deadly disease.

What did Galen describe sepsis as?

A systemic infection referred to as 'blood poisoning'.

A laudable event required for wound healing. (correct)

A common and deadly disease.

A rotting flesh and festering wounds.

What did the germ theory propose in the nineteenth century?

That sepsis is a common and deadly disease.

That sepsis is a systemic infection referred to as 'blood poisoning'. (correct)

That sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection.

That sepsis is a laudable event required for wound healing.

What did research in the past 20 years reveal about sepsis?

Many patients develop acute organ dysfunction in response to infection without a measurable inflammatory excess. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key contributing factor to organ failure in sepsis?

Impaired anticoagulant mechanisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory processes during infection?

They increase microvascular permeability (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of coagulation disorders in sepsis?

Prevent spread of infection and inflammation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gut in the development of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sepsis-related deaths worldwide?

Sepsis-related deaths represent 19.7% of all global deaths. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common underlying cause of sepsis across all age groups, both sexes, and all locations?

Diarrheal disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the host immune response?

Recognizing and binding pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the immune response?

Recognizing endogenous molecules released from injured cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for septic shock according to the 'Sepsis-3' clinical criteria?

Mean arterial pressure ≥65 mmHg (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common source of sepsis?

Pneumonia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common gram-positive isolate in sepsis cases?

Staphylococcus aureus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the incidence of sepsis?

Socioeconomic status (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ may lack significant structural damage while still having significant tubular-cell changes that impair function?

The kidney (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of anti-inflammatory mechanisms mentioned in the text?

Humoral, cellular, and neural (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the so-called neuroinflammatory reflex mentioned in the text?

A reflex that reduces proinflammatory cytokine release (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of disrupting the neural-based system involved in the neuroinflammatory reflex?

Increased vulnerability to endotoxin shock (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is most commonly affected in sepsis?

Cardiovascular system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on Berlin criteria?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended screening tool for delirium in septic patients?

Both CAM-ICU and ICDSC (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of sepsis survivors experience long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability?

25-50% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of sepsis?

Hypertension (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of adrenal dysfunction in sepsis?

Reversible dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT recommended for diagnosing relative glucocorticoid insufficiency in sepsis?

Tachycardia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common accompanying abnormality in patients with suspected infection who are at risk for sepsis?

Tachypnea (respiratory rate, >20 breaths/min) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of encounters in the 12-hospital cohort had leukocytosis (WBC count, >12,000/μL)?

<50% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of encounters in the 12-hospital cohort had leukopenia (WBC count, <4000/μL)?

<50% (B) Signup and view all the answers