Sepsis & Shock
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the body's response to septicemia?

  • To increase cardiac output
  • To increase cortisol levels
  • To maintain blood volume and perfusion of vital organs (correct)
  • To reduce blood pressure

    • What is a characteristic of hepatic dysfunction in severe sepsis?

  • Reduced cortisol levels
  • Elevated bilirubin levels (correct)
  • Decreased liver enzyme levels
  • Increased glucose production

    • Which of the following is a sign of severe sepsis?

  • Decreased heart rate
  • Acute alteration in mental status (correct)
  • Increased cortisol levels
  • Increased blood pressure

    • What is a key characteristic of septic shock?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure and perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing SIRS?

    <p>Platelet count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inadequate cardiac output in septicemia?

    <p>Cell death and organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of lactic acid production in septicemia?

    <p>Decreased oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of severe sepsis?

    <p>Cell death and organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of decreased cardiac output in septicemia?

    <p>Decreased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in septic shock?

    <p>Inadequate oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of severe sepsis?

    <p>Purpura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cortisol in the response to septicemia?

    <p>To maintain blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadequate tissue perfusion in septicemia?

    <p>Cell death and organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criterion for diagnosing SIRS?

    <p>Temperature &gt; 38°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive cortisol production in septicemia?

    <p>Increased glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of severe sepsis?

    <p>Multi-organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the body responds to septicemia?

    <p>By activating the systemic inflammatory response syndrome to combat infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of decreased cardiac output in septicemia?

    <p>Decreased blood volume due to fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of inadequate tissue perfusion in septicemia?

    <p>Cell death and organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cortisol in the response to septicemia?

    <p>To regulate blood sugar levels and provide energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for diagnosing septic shock?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure and cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of lactic acid production in septicemia?

    <p>Inadequate tissue perfusion and organ dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in septicemia?

    <p>Inadequate tissue perfusion leading to cellular hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of septicemia?

    <p>Organ dysfunction and cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological response to maintain blood volume in septicemia?

    <p>Increased cortisol production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of decreased oxygen supply in septicemia?

    <p>Increased lactic acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for diagnosing SIRS in the context of septicemia?

    <p>Evaluation of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of inadequate tissue perfusion in septicemia?

    <p>Cell death and organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of adrenaline in the response to septicemia?

    <p>Increasing cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of septic shock?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure and decreased blood perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of excessive cortisol production in septicemia?

    <p>Decreased glucose production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical manifestation of severe sepsis?

    <p>Acute alteration in mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    SIRS and Septic Shock

    • SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) is the clinical presentation of widespread inflammation resulting from various insults, including trauma, burns, and pancreatitis.
    • SIRS requires evaluation of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count.
    • Organ dysfunction is a key feature of severe sepsis.

    Organ Dysfunction

    • Hepatic dysfunction: bilirubin >34 µmol/l and high liver enzyme levels.
    • Mental/brain dysfunction: acute alteration in mental status.
    • Other organ dysfunction can occur, including cardiac, renal, and respiratory.

    Septic Shock

    • Characterized by decreased blood pressure (BP) and decreased blood perfusion.
    • Decreased oxygen (O2) supply leads to increased lactic acid production.
    • Increased stress and glucose levels are also observed.

    Pathogenesis

    • Inadequate cardiac output and decreased blood pressure lead to tissue perfusion and cell death.
    • Cortisol, GH, and adrenaline play a role in the pathogenesis of septic shock.

    Clinical Manifestations

    • Purpura is a clinical manifestation of septic shock.
    • Shock, inadequate cardiac output, and decreased blood pressure can lead to organ failure and death.
    • Fluid loss and decreased blood volume can worsen outcomes in septicemia.

    SIRS and Septic Shock

    • SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) is the clinical presentation of widespread inflammation resulting from various insults, including trauma, burns, and pancreatitis.
    • SIRS requires evaluation of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count.
    • Organ dysfunction is a key feature of severe sepsis.

    Organ Dysfunction

    • Hepatic dysfunction: bilirubin >34 µmol/l and high liver enzyme levels.
    • Mental/brain dysfunction: acute alteration in mental status.
    • Other organ dysfunction can occur, including cardiac, renal, and respiratory.

    Septic Shock

    • Characterized by decreased blood pressure (BP) and decreased blood perfusion.
    • Decreased oxygen (O2) supply leads to increased lactic acid production.
    • Increased stress and glucose levels are also observed.

    Pathogenesis

    • Inadequate cardiac output and decreased blood pressure lead to tissue perfusion and cell death.
    • Cortisol, GH, and adrenaline play a role in the pathogenesis of septic shock.

    Clinical Manifestations

    • Purpura is a clinical manifestation of septic shock.
    • Shock, inadequate cardiac output, and decreased blood pressure can lead to organ failure and death.
    • Fluid loss and decreased blood volume can worsen outcomes in septicemia.

    SIRS and Septic Shock

    • SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) is the clinical presentation of widespread inflammation resulting from various insults, including trauma, burns, and pancreatitis.
    • SIRS requires evaluation of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count.
    • Organ dysfunction is a key feature of severe sepsis.

    Organ Dysfunction

    • Hepatic dysfunction: bilirubin >34 µmol/l and high liver enzyme levels.
    • Mental/brain dysfunction: acute alteration in mental status.
    • Other organ dysfunction can occur, including cardiac, renal, and respiratory.

    Septic Shock

    • Characterized by decreased blood pressure (BP) and decreased blood perfusion.
    • Decreased oxygen (O2) supply leads to increased lactic acid production.
    • Increased stress and glucose levels are also observed.

    Pathogenesis

    • Inadequate cardiac output and decreased blood pressure lead to tissue perfusion and cell death.
    • Cortisol, GH, and adrenaline play a role in the pathogenesis of septic shock.

    Clinical Manifestations

    • Purpura is a clinical manifestation of septic shock.
    • Shock, inadequate cardiac output, and decreased blood pressure can lead to organ failure and death.
    • Fluid loss and decreased blood volume can worsen outcomes in septicemia.

    SIRS and Septic Shock

    • SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) is the clinical presentation of widespread inflammation resulting from various insults, including trauma, burns, and pancreatitis.
    • SIRS requires evaluation of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count.
    • Organ dysfunction is a key feature of severe sepsis.

    Organ Dysfunction

    • Hepatic dysfunction: bilirubin >34 µmol/l and high liver enzyme levels.
    • Mental/brain dysfunction: acute alteration in mental status.
    • Other organ dysfunction can occur, including cardiac, renal, and respiratory.

    Septic Shock

    • Characterized by decreased blood pressure (BP) and decreased blood perfusion.
    • Decreased oxygen (O2) supply leads to increased lactic acid production.
    • Increased stress and glucose levels are also observed.

    Pathogenesis

    • Inadequate cardiac output and decreased blood pressure lead to tissue perfusion and cell death.
    • Cortisol, GH, and adrenaline play a role in the pathogenesis of septic shock.

    Clinical Manifestations

    • Purpura is a clinical manifestation of septic shock.
    • Shock, inadequate cardiac output, and decreased blood pressure can lead to organ failure and death.
    • Fluid loss and decreased blood volume can worsen outcomes in septicemia.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the physiology of shock, including the effects of cortisol and adrenaline on cardiac contraction, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion. It also explores the consequences of inadequate cardiac output and cell death.

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