Sepsis and Septic Shock Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between sepsis and septic shock?

Sepsis and septic shock are synonymous; they describe the same condition in different terms.
Septic shock is always a primary event, directly leading to sepsis.
Sepsis is specifically caused by a dysregulated host response to infection while septic shock involves a dysregulated response to non-infectious factors.
Septic shock is a complex form of sepsis, characterized by more significant organ dysfunction and higher mortality risk. (correct)

Which of the following criteria is NOT part of the new clinical criteria for septic shock, as defined in the provided content?

Hypotension that is unresponsive to fluid resuscitation.
Requirement for vasopressors to maintain mean arterial pressure above 65 mmHg.
Serum lactate level exceeding 2 mmol/L.
Presence of a definitive bacterial infection confirmed by culture. (correct)

What is the main purpose of the qSOFA score in relation to sepsis?

To replace the SIRS criteria for diagnosing sepsis, offering a more precise and accurate approach.
To definitively diagnose sepsis based on a simple bedside assessment.
To assess the severity of sepsis once a diagnosis is confirmed, guiding its management plan.
To identify patients with suspected infection who are potentially at higher risk of poor outcomes outside the ICU. (correct)

What is a significant risk factor for sepsis, mentioned in the provided content?

Intensive care unit admission, exposing patients to nosocomial infections. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the current understanding of the SIRS criteria in relation to the new sepsis definitions?

While qSOFA has been introduced, SIRS remains relevant for understanding the systemic inflammatory response associated with sepsis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct consequence of inadequate tissue perfusion in sepsis?

Decreased cellular metabolism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which sepsis contributes to a decrease in blood pressure?

Excessive nitric oxide production (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential diagnostic indicator of sepsis?

Increased blood pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sepsis, what is the primary cause of pulmonary edema?

Fluid leakage from damaged blood vessels in the lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct consequence of widespread cellular injury in sepsis?

Organ dysfunction (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of an organism in culture contribute to the diagnosis of sepsis?

It provides a strong indicator of sepsis, but it's not a standalone criterion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to identify the specific organism causing sepsis in some cases?

To guide the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which sepsis contributes to the development of lactic acidosis?

Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues, impairing cellular metabolism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most significant contributor to widespread hypotension in sepsis?

Overproduction of nitric oxide, causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia) in sepsis?

Increased risk of bleeding (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the risk of developing sepsis?

Exposure to radiation (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the host response to infection differ when sepsis occurs?

The release of proinflammatory mediators exceeds local boundaries, causing widespread inflammation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of the proinflammatory mediators released during sepsis?

Activation of the coagulation factors and damage to the endothelium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is a potential contributor to the increased susceptibility to sepsis in patients with diabetes?

Elevated blood glucose levels impair immune function, making them more vulnerable to infection. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of macrophages in the host response to bacterial infection?

To directly attack and engulf the invading bacteria, initiating bacterial killing and debris removal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs when a limited number of bacteria invade?

Sufficient local host responses clear the pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is associated with an increased risk of developing sepsis due to its impact on the immune system?

Renal failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the host response when the release of proinflammatory mediators exceeds the local environment?

Sepsis with a generalized response (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is likely to predispose individuals to sepsis due to alterations in the microbiome?

Having a history of previous hospitalization (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the role of genetic factors in sepsis risk?

Both experimental and clinical studies support the role of genetic factors in increasing infection risk. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic that differentiates septic shock from sepsis?

Presence of altered mentation and high serum lactate levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of sepsis?

Dysregulated host response causing systemic inflammation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score?

To identify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes with suspected infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly increases the risk of developing sepsis in hospitalized patients?

Admission to an intensive care unit (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria is utilized in the current definition of septic shock?

Hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation and elevated lactate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential result of coagulation protein exhaustion in sepsis?

Increased risk of bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be a direct effect of cytokine activity during sepsis?

Dilation of blood vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is created due to inadequate tissue perfusion in sepsis?

Lactic acidosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of widespread cellular injury in sepsis?

Increased risk of organ dysfunction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors may contribute to the development of pulmonary edema in sepsis?

Endothelial damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory finding is often associated with sepsis and indicates increased white blood cell activity?

Leukocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does nitric oxide affect blood pressure during sepsis?

It promotes vasodilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is often a necessary component for a sepsis diagnosis?

A constellation of clinical and laboratory findings (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically indicated as a diagnostic sign for sepsis?

Blood glucose levels above 140 mg/dL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant complication of sepsis concerning tissue oxygenation?

Tissue hypoxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sepsis

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.

Septic Shock

A subset of sepsis with circulatory and metabolic dysfunction, increasing mortality risk.

qSOFA Score

A bedside tool to identify patients with risk of poor outcomes from suspected infection, based on three criteria.