Sepsis and Septic Shock Quiz

<p>Intensive care unit admission, exposing patients to nosocomial infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While qSOFA has been introduced, SIRS remains relevant for understanding the systemic inflammatory response associated with sepsis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased cellular metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive nitric oxide production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid leakage from damaged blood vessels in the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a strong indicator of sepsis, but it's not a standalone criterion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guide the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues, impairing cellular metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overproduction of nitric oxide, causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of proinflammatory mediators exceeds local boundaries, causing widespread inflammation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of the coagulation factors and damage to the endothelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated blood glucose levels impair immune function, making them more vulnerable to infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To directly attack and engulf the invading bacteria, initiating bacterial killing and debris removal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sufficient local host responses clear the pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis with a generalized response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a history of previous hospitalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both experimental and clinical studies support the role of genetic factors in increasing infection risk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of altered mentation and high serum lactate levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysregulated host response causing systemic inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes with suspected infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admission to an intensive care unit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation and elevated lactate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilation of blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of organ dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelial damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes vasodilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A constellation of clinical and laboratory findings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood glucose levels above 140 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.

A subset of sepsis with circulatory and metabolic dysfunction, increasing mortality risk.

A bedside tool to identify patients with risk of poor outcomes from suspected infection, based on three criteria.

Factors like ICU admission and bacteremia that increase the likelihood of developing sepsis.

Includes sepsis with fluid-unresponsive hypotension, lactate >2 mmol/L, and vasopressors for MAP >65mmHg.

Age ≥65 years increases the incidence and mortality of sepsis.

Comorbidities and medications that weaken the immune system elevate sepsis risk.

Sepsis arises when local immune responses fail, causing systemic inflammation.

Chemical signals released by macrophages during infection, aiding in the immune response.

A bodily reaction involving clot formation in response to bleeding.

Fluid accumulation in the lungs causing shortness of breath.

Proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and blood pressure.

Abnormally low blood pressure, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion.

A condition in which cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply.

A buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to decreased pH.

A failure of one or more organs to perform their normal functions.

An increase in white blood cell count, indicating infection or inflammation.

Low platelet count that can lead to increased bleeding risk.

The identification of organisms in blood cultures supporting sepsis diagnosis.

Indicators such as fever, increased heart rate, and altered mentation that suggest sepsis.

Treatment includes antibiotics, fluids, and possible vasopressors to stabilize blood pressure.

The presence of bacteria in the blood, often leading to sepsis.

Failure of one or more organs due to severe infection and systemic response.

A condition in septic shock where blood pressure does not improve despite fluid resuscitation.

Patients ≥65 years have increased sepsis incidence and mortality.

Conditions or medications weakening immune defenses elevate sepsis risk.

Both conditions can compromise the immune system, increasing sepsis risk.

Bacterial invasion triggers macrophages to initiate an immune response.

Substances released during infection cause systemic inflammation and can lead to sepsis.

The process where blood clot forms in response to endothelial damage, affecting blood flow.

Proteins that cause blood vessels to dilate, potentially lowering blood pressure.

Abnormally low blood pressure often resulting from systemic inflammation in sepsis.

Insufficient blood flow to tissues leading to cellular hypoxia and injury.

Damage to cells that may lead to programmed cell death, compromising organ function.

Elevated white blood cell count indicating the body’s response to infection.

A condition of low platelet count, increasing bleeding risk, especially in sepsis.

Increased levels of lactate in the blood, typically signaling metabolic stress or shock.

A combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings used to diagnose sepsis.