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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of septic shock?
What is the definition of septic shock?
What is one of the criteria for diagnosing septic shock?
What is one of the criteria for diagnosing septic shock?
What is the name of the scoring system used to assess organ dysfunction in sepsis?
What is the name of the scoring system used to assess organ dysfunction in sepsis?
What is the goal of early goal-directed therapy in sepsis treatment?
What is the goal of early goal-directed therapy in sepsis treatment?
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What is one of the components of infection control in sepsis prevention?
What is one of the components of infection control in sepsis prevention?
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What is the name of the syndrome characterized by the failure of two or more organs in sepsis?
What is the name of the syndrome characterized by the failure of two or more organs in sepsis?
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What is the term for the removal of infected devices or drainage of infected fluids in sepsis treatment?
What is the term for the removal of infected devices or drainage of infected fluids in sepsis treatment?
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What is one of the criteria for diagnosing clinical sepsis?
What is one of the criteria for diagnosing clinical sepsis?
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Study Notes
Sepsis
Septic Shock
- Definition: a life-threatening condition that occurs when an overwhelming infection leads to organ dysfunction and hypotension
- Criteria:
- Systolic blood pressure < 65 mmHg
- Mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg
- Lactate level > 4 mmol/L
- Mortality rate: up to 50%
Clinical Diagnosis
- Signs and symptoms:
- Fever or hypothermia
- Tachypnea (rapid breathing rate)
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Hypotension
- Diagnostic criteria:
- SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria:
- Two or more of the following:
- Temperature > 38°C or < 36°C
- Heart rate > 90 beats/min
- Respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min
- WBC count > 12,000 cells/mm³ or < 4,000 cells/mm³
- Two or more of the following:
- qSOFA (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score:
- 2 or more points:
- Respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths/min
- Altered mental status
- Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg
- 2 or more points:
- SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria:
Organ Dysfunction
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS):
- Failure of two or more organs
- Organs affected:
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Renal
- Hepatic
- Coagulation
- Neurological
- SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score:
- 0-4 points per organ system
- Total score: 0-24 points
Treatment Options
- Early goal-directed therapy:
- Fluid resuscitation
- Vasopressor therapy
- Inotropic therapy
- Blood transfusion
- Antibiotic therapy:
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics
- De-escalation to targeted therapy
- Source control:
- Removal of infected devices
- Drainage of infected fluids
- Supportive care:
- Oxygen therapy
- Mechanical ventilation
- Renal replacement therapy
Infection Control
- Hand hygiene:
- Proper handwashing technique
- Use of hand sanitizers
- Environmental cleaning:
- Disinfection of high-touch surfaces
- Cleaning of patient equipment
- Isolation precautions:
- Contact precautions
- Droplet precautions
- Airborne precautions
- Vaccination:
- Influenza vaccination
- Pneumococcal vaccination
Sepsis
Septic Shock
- Life-threatening condition caused by overwhelming infection leading to organ dysfunction and hypotension
- Defined by:
- Systolic blood pressure < 65 mmHg
- Mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg
- Lactate level > 4 mmol/L
- Mortality rate: up to 50%
Clinical Diagnosis
- Signs and symptoms:
- Fever or hypothermia
- Tachypnea (rapid breathing rate)
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Hypotension
- Diagnostic criteria:
- SIRS criteria:
- Two or more of the following:
- Temperature > 38°C or < 36°C
- Heart rate > 90 beats/min
- Respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min
- WBC count > 12,000 cells/mm³ or < 4,000 cells/mm³
- Two or more of the following:
- qSOFA score:
- 2 or more points:
- Respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths/min
- Altered mental status
- Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg
- 2 or more points:
- SIRS criteria:
Organ Dysfunction
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS):
- Failure of two or more organs
- Affected organs:
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Renal
- Hepatic
- Coagulation
- Neurological
- SOFA score:
- 0-4 points per organ system
- Total score: 0-24 points
Treatment Options
- Early goal-directed therapy:
- Fluid resuscitation
- Vasopressor therapy
- Inotropic therapy
- Blood transfusion
- Antibiotic therapy:
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics
- De-escalation to targeted therapy
- Source control:
- Removal of infected devices
- Drainage of infected fluids
- Supportive care:
- Oxygen therapy
- Mechanical ventilation
- Renal replacement therapy
Infection Control
- Hand hygiene:
- Proper handwashing technique
- Use of hand sanitizers
- Environmental cleaning:
- Disinfection of high-touch surfaces
- Cleaning of patient equipment
- Isolation precautions:
- Contact precautions
- Droplet precautions
- Airborne precautions
- Vaccination:
- Influenza vaccination
- Pneumococcal vaccination
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Description
Identify the signs, symptoms, and criteria for diagnosing sepsis and septic shock, including blood pressure, lactate levels, and mortality rates.
