Separation Anxiety Disorder: Characteristics and Etiology

Childhood

Fear of being alone or having difficulty with change

Behavioral inhibition

<p>Modeling anxiety, being overly controlling and intrusive, and using critical and negative communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-medication based methods, including psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss or significant life stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-medication and medication-based interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least 6 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least three symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral inhibition is characterized by a consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To expose clients to social situations that make them anxious and teach them relaxation techniques to quell their anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific phobia is an excessive fear of a specific object or situation, whereas social anxiety disorder is a fear of social situations in general</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational, and other situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More negative emotionality and high reactivity to negative events combine with cognitive disturbances, including unconscious cognitions focused on detecting possible threats in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amygdala shows heightened reactivity to emotional stimuli, and decreased connectivity with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with GAD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBT is effective in treating GAD, and it's particularly important because of the comorbidity of anxiety with depression, and it targets emotional dysregulation and negative thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual with poor insight thinks OCD beliefs are probably true, whereas one with absent insight/delusional beliefs is completely convinced that OCD beliefs are true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benzodiazepines have side effects and are addictive, which precludes their long-term use for anxiety relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obsessions and compulsions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), antianxiety medications, and tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBT and medication have been shown to be equally effective in treating anxiety symptoms, with no statistically significant differences in overall outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tic-related OCD is usually characterized by symmetry concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune processes triggered by streptococcal infection can lead to OCD and tics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress-response and activity of the HPA axis is linked to OC type disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symmetry, forbidden thoughts or actions, harm, cleaning and contamination, and hoarding.</p> Signup and view all the answers