29 Questions
What is the principle that refers to the specificity of nerve fibers transmitting only one type of modality?
Labelled line principle
What process in the CNS allows the ability to localize a stimulus?
Lateral inhibition
How is stimulus intensity coded in terms of action potentials?
By the frequency of action potentials and the number of receptors activated (recruitment).
What induces the perception of an adequate stimulus even when it's inadequate?
An inadequate stimulus may induce the perception of the adequate stimulus.
What is the principle that states stimulation of a receptor, pathway, and center gives a specific sensation regardless of the method of stimulation?
Labelled line principle
How does each sensation have a specific receptor, pathway, and center in the cerebral cortex?
Each sensation has a specific receptor, pathway, and center in the cerebral cortex.
What type of receptors show little peripheral adaptation and are always active?
Tonic receptors
What is the term for the reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus?
Adaptation
What occurs in central adaptation and involves the inhibition of nuclei along a sensory pathway?
Central adaptation
What process allows the nervous system to identify the type, strength, location, and duration of a stimulus?
Sensory coding
What is the term for receptors that are normally inactive but become active for a short time?
Phasic receptors
What is the term for a mechanism where weak signals are inhibited while strong signals are enhanced?
Lateral inhibition
What is the main difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation is the process of detecting stimuli, while perception is the interpretation of those stimuli.
Explain the difference between tonic and phasic receptors.
Tonic receptors respond continuously to stimuli, while phasic receptors respond with bursts of activity when a stimulus is first applied.
What is the role of lateral inhibition in the localization of stimuli?
Lateral inhibition enhances the contrast between activated sensory receptors and their neighbors, allowing for more precise localization of stimuli.
How does the CNS distinguish sensory modality, stimulus location, intensity, and duration?
The CNS distinguishes these properties through the specific pathways and patterns of neural activity associated with each sensory modality, location, intensity, and duration.
What is the labeled line principle in sensory systems?
The labeled line principle states that specific sensory receptors are directly linked to specific regions in the brain, maintaining the specificity of sensory information.
What is the difference in the nature of sensation based on the destination of nerve impulses?
The nature of sensation and type of reaction varies based on the ultimate destination of nerve impulses.
What is the basis for perception?
Perception is the conscious awareness and interpretation of the meaning of sensations stored in the cortex.
Define sensory modality and provide an example.
Sensory modality refers to each type of sensation, such as pain, hearing, vision, or touch.
What are the two classes of sensory modalities?
The two classes are general senses and special senses.
Where does sensation begin and what does it involve?
Sensation begins in a sensory receptor, which can be a specialized cell or dendrites of a sensory neuron, monitoring a particular stimulus.
What is the role of the first order neuron in sensory pathways?
Delivers sensations to the CNS
What are the three forms of energy that a stimulus may take?
The three forms are electromagnetic energy (light, heat), mechanical energy, and chemical energy.
Which region of the brain do third order neurons synapse on for conscious awareness?
Thalamus
Where are the second order neurons located?
In the spinal cord or brain stem
What do specific ascending pathways transmit to the cerebral cortex?
A given sensory modality
Describe the typical three-neuron pathway in specific ascending pathways.
Primary afferent, secondary neuron in spinal cord or brainstem projecting to thalamus, tertiary neuron in thalamus projecting to cortex
What type of information do non-specific ascending pathways transmit?
Non-specific information
Test your knowledge on how stimulus energy is converted into electrical signals in the nervous system. This quiz covers topics such as receptor cells, neurotransmitters, generator potentials, and adaptation in sensory signal transduction.
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