Sensation and Perception Key Concepts
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What does the absolute threshold represent in sensory psychology?

  • The maximum amount of stimulation that can be detected
  • The average level of sensory input required for perception
  • The constant range of stimulus intensity that triggers a response
  • The minimum amount of stimulation that can be detected half the time (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the difference between sensation and perception?

  • Sensation refers to the recognition of stimuli, while perception is about detection
  • Sensation is context-dependent, while perception is role-dependent
  • Sensation involves interpreting sensory input while perception involves detecting it
  • Sensation is a bottom-up process, whereas perception is a top-down process (correct)

    • Which theory of color vision emphasizes the role of opposing colors?

  • Subtractive color mixing theory
  • Opponent-process theory (correct)
  • Additive color mixing theory
  • Trichromatic theory

    • What is the significance of the just noticeable difference (JND) in sensory perception?

    <p>It refers to the smallest magnitude of change that can be detected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of auditory perception, which of the following theories explains how we perceive pitch?

    <p>Place theory and frequency theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perceptual theory focuses on how sensory information is organized and interpreted into meaningful patterns?

    <p>Gestalt psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does sensory adaptation play in perception?

    <p>It leads to a decrease in sensitivity to constant stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the just noticeable difference (JND) refer to?

    <p>The smallest difference between two stimuli needed to detect a change half the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber's Law, the size of the just noticeable difference is determined by what?

    <p>A constant proportion of the initial stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the signal-detection theory?

    <p>Detection involves both psychological and sensory processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible responses in signal-detection theory when a signal is present?

    <p>Hits and false alarms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the phenomenon of registering sensory input without conscious awareness?

    <p>Subliminal perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of subliminal perception based on current understanding?

    <p>Its effects are generally weak with little practical concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sensory adaptation entail?

    <p>A gradual decline in sensitivity due to prolonged stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to the just noticeable difference, how might a 50 cent discount be perceived differently based on the context of the purchase?

    <p>It is more likely to be noticed for cheaper items than for expensive ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Weber's Law apply to different senses?

    <p>Different senses have different fractions based on the type of sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the dilation of the pupil have on image clarity?

    <p>It allows more light in but results in a less sharp image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rods play in vision?

    <p>They function primarily in low-light conditions and peripheral vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the process of dark adaptation?

    <p>Rods adapt faster than cones to low light conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye primarily focuses light onto the retina?

    <p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fovea in the human eye?

    <p>It allows for the highest visual acuity and contains only cones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the amplitude of light waves affect perception?

    <p>It affects the perception of brightness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the optic disk in the retina?

    <p>It creates a blind spot in the visual field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling which structure?

    <p>Pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cones in the retina?

    <p>To provide color vision in well-lit conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light sensitivity during light adaptation?

    <p>The eyes reduce their sensitivity to light in high illumination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with the trichromatic theory of colour vision?

    <p>The human eye has receptors sensitive to three primary colours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In opponent process theories, which of the following colour pairs represents antagonistic responses?

    <p>Red vs. Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a reversible figure in perception?

    <p>A visual representation that can show two different interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a perceptual set primarily influence?

    <p>It creates a predisposition to perceive stimuli in a specific manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is most closely associated with the concept of an afterimage?

    <p>The perceived image will be the complementary colour of the original stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ventral stream in vision?

    <p>Identifying object shapes and colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the receptive field of a visual cell?

    <p>The retinal area stimulating the cell's firing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding additive color mixing is true?

    <p>It combines lights of different colors to create more light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of color mixing is exemplified by mixing yellow and blue paints to create green?

    <p>Subtractive color mixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do feature detectors play in visual perception?

    <p>They respond selectively to specific aspects of stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of the dorsal stream's processing in the visual system?

    <p>Awareness of object motion and spatial relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rods and cones are involved in visual processing before the information converges in the optic nerve?

    <p>100 million rods and 1 million cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of vision for action?

    <p>To guide physical interactions with objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of visual information is primarily processed by the primary visual cortex?

    <p>Complex visual data and its features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between the concepts of 'vision for perception' and 'vision for action'?

    <p>Vision for action controls interactions, whereas vision for perception creates representations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sensation and Perception - Key Concepts and Terms

    • Sensation: The stimulation of sense organs (e.g., eyes, ears).
    • Perception: The interpretation of sensory input.
    • Absolute Threshold: The minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect a stimulus half of the time.
    • Just Noticeable Difference (JND): The smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected.
    • Weber's Law: The size of the JND is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus.
    • Signal-Detection Theory: Detection of stimuli involves decision processes as well as sensory processes. Factors like criteria and expectations influence detectability.
    • Subliminal Perception: The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness.
    • Sensory Adaptation: The gradual decline in sensitivity due to prolonged stimulation.
    • Variations in light: Characteristics like amplitude, wavelength, and purity of light affect perception.
    • Parts of the human eye: Includes the lens, pupil, retina, rods, cones, etc.
    • Light and dark adaptation: The eye's adjustment to changes in light levels.
    • Receptive field: Area of the retina that, when stimulated, affects the firing of a visual cell.
    • Vision for perception and action: Brain areas involved in both perception and action.
    • Additive and subtractive colour mixing: Additive mixing involves combining lights, while subtractive mixing involves removing wavelengths.
    • Trichromatic vs. opponent process theories of colour vision: Different theories explain how we perceive colour.
    • Reversible figure and perceptual set: Some images can be perceived in multiple ways, and our expectations influence our perception.
    • Bottom-up vs. top-down perception: Bottom-up processing starts with sensory input, and top-down processing involves higher-level knowledge.
    • Gestalt principles (phi phenomenon, proximity, closure): Principles that describe how we group and organize visual elements.
    • Perceptual hypothesis: Our brain makes educated guesses about the nature of the stimuli we receive.
    • Monocular vs. binocular cues: Visual cues for depth and distance that use one eye or both eyes.
    • Parts of the human ear: Includes the cochlea, basilar membrane, place and frequency theories of hearing.

    Parts of the Human Eye

    • Cornea: Transparent "window" at the front of the eye.
    • Lens: Focuses light onto the retina.
    • Iris: Controls the size of the pupil.
    • Pupil: Opening in the center of the iris that lets light in.
    • Retina: Neural tissue lining the back of the eye.
    • Rods: Specialized visual receptors for night and peripheral vision.
    • Cones: Specialized visual receptors for daytime and color vision, concentrated in the fovea.
    • Fovea: Tiny spot in the center of the retina, responsible for sharpest vision.
    • Optic nerve: Carries information from the retina to the brain.

    Parts of the Human Ear

    • Pinna: The external ear (ear flap).
    • Auditory Canal: Passage leading to the eardrum.
    • Eardrum: Membrane vibrated by sound waves.
    • Ossicles (Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup): Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the inner ear.
    • Oval Window: Membrane vibrating by sound waves.
    • Cochlea: A fluid-filled spiral shaped tunnel in the inner ear.
    • Basilar Membrane: Membrane running along the cochlea with tiny hairs (hair cells).

    Place vs. Frequency Theories of Hearing

    • Place Theory: Pitch perception depends on the location of vibrations along the basilar membrane.
    • Frequency Theory: Pitch perception depends on the rate at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates.

    Other Sensory Systems

    • Visual system: Light, wavelength, amplitude, etc.
    • Auditory system: Sound waves, frequency, etc.
    • Gustatory (taste) system: Chemicals dissolved in saliva.
    • Olfactory (smell) system: Airborne chemicals.
    • Tactile (touch) system: Pressure, temperature.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts and terminology related to sensation and perception, including absolute thresholds, signal-detection theory, and Weber's law. Test your understanding of how we interpret sensory input and the factors that influence our perceptual experiences.

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