Psychology Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception

Process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, sound, heat, or pressure.

The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations.

Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation.

<p>The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected half the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the just noticeable difference (JND) will vary depending on its relation to the strength of the original stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perception of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distance from one wave peak to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clear membrane covering the visible part of the eye that helps gather and direct incoming light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The opening in the middle of the iris that changes size to let in different amounts of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colored part of the eye which is the muscle that controls the size of the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small area in the center of the retina, composed of cones, where visual information is sharply focused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thin, light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye that contains the sensory receptors for vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An area of the retina without rods or cones where the optic nerve leaves the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transparent structure located behind the pupil that actively focuses, bends, light as it enters the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons of ganglion cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudoscience based on the notion that the physical and psychological functioning of an individual is represented in the markings of the iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which the lens changes shape to focus incoming light so that it falls on the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long, thin, blunt sensory receptors of the eye, highly sensitive to light, functioning in night vision or peripheral vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, producing a small gap in the field of vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized neurons in the retina that connect to the bipolar cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized neurons in the retina that connect rods and cones with the ganglion cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The point in the brain where the optic nerve fibers from each eye meet and partly cross over to the opposite side of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perceptual experience of hue, saturation, and brightness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The property of color that indicates the purity of the wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intensity of a color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red light (long waves), green light (medium waves), blue light (short waves).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inherited gene that disables one from being able to distinguish between certain colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A visual experience that occurs after the original source of stimulation is no longer present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Green/red, blue/yellow, black/white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short, thick, pointed sensory receptors of the eye that detect color and are responsible for color vision and visual acuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sense of smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sense of taste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enlarged ending of the olfactory cortex at the front of the brain where the sensation of smell is registered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical signals released by an animal that communicate and affect the behavior of others of the same species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory receptors on your tongue, throat, and mouth responsible for taste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unpleasant sensation of physical discomfort or suffering that can occur in varying degrees of intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain is a product of physiological and psychological factors, causing spinal gates to open and relay pain messages to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of pain messages to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sense of location and position of body parts in relation to one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory receptors located in the muscles and joints that provide information about body positions and movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sense of balance or equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Gestalt principle of perceptual organization in which we automatically separate elements into figure and ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that we group similar items together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that we tend to finish the lines of certain shapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that we perceive lines as continuing in their established direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that we use other landmarks to assume the distance of items nearby.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that we tend to perceive the simplest shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual cues to help perceive the distance and 3D characteristics of objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance or depth that can be processed by either eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept that a larger object appears closer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a blocked object appears farther away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon where distant objects appear hazy and bluish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The detail apparent in close objects compared to distant objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effect where objects close to us seem to move faster than those far away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocular cues used to create a 3D effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change in lens shape that helps focus on distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance and depth measurements made with both eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which your eyes rotate to focus on an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference between two different images on each retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pictures that use binocular cues to create a 3D image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to assume the background is stationary, making us feel like we're moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientist known for the moving dot experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The illusion of movement created with two flashlights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientist who created the stroboscopic experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used to estimate distance or depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common objects that are perceived as unchanging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perception that objects remain the same size despite changes in retinal image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perception that objects maintain the same shape despite changes in retinal image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perception that an object's brightness remains constant despite changes in lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misperceptions of an image's characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An optical illusion involving arrows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The optical illusion where the moon appears closer when on the horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual representations of objects that defy logic, such as waterfalls and triangles.</p> Signup and view all the answers