Attachment Theory and Self-Esteem Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hypothesis suggests that idealizing a partner increases happiness for both individuals in the relationship?

  • Projected Illusions Hypothesis (correct)
  • Self-Esteem Hypothesis
  • Reflected Appraisal Hypothesis
  • Transformation Hypothesis

    • What effect does low self-esteem have on relationship dynamics according to the content?

  • Leads to assumptions of inevitable rejection (correct)
  • Enhances emotional support
  • Promotes unconditional acceptance
  • Increases positive partner appraisal

    • What impact does maternal separation in early childhood have on later mental health according to Bowlby's work?

  • It has no effect on mental health.
  • It contributes to higher delinquency and mental illness. (correct)
  • It leads to increased emotional stability.
  • It exclusively promotes positive social behavior.

    • In Sandra Murray's research, which group was found to rate their partners more positively than the partners rated themselves?

    <p>Married individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hypothesis that explains how partners' perceptions can influence each other's self-esteem?

    <p>Reflected Appraisal Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ainsworth's Strange Situation primarily observe in infants?

    <p>Reactions to separations and reunions with caregivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attachment style is characterized by individuals who distance themselves emotionally during stress?

    <p>Avoidant attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis suggests that illusions can help relationships withstand negative events?

    <p>Buffering Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant finding of Hazan & Shaver's Love Quiz in relation to attachment?

    <p>There is a link between childhood attachment styles and adult romantic relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what should individuals in committed relationships aim to shift their focus towards over time for long-term stability?

    <p>Self-verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mario Mchulenzer's study on stress, which behavior was observed in anxious individuals post-Gulf War?

    <p>They experienced a greater degree of distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome was noted in the study involving 116 dating couples regarding the role of illusions?

    <p>Men with illusions were more likely to withstand negativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the better-than-average effect observed in men who identify strongly with their romantic relationship?

    <p>They rate their partners more positively than the partners rate themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the development of four attachment styles add to the understanding of childhood adversity?

    <p>It links fearful attachment to severe childhood adversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the attachment system respond when a person experiences a threat or distress?

    <p>It assesses the availability of attachment figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three original attachment styles identified in early research?

    <p>Secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural context influence the happiness advantage of being religious?

    <p>It can amplify or negate the effects of social support and purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about future happiness predictions?

    <p>Winning the lottery leads to sustainable joy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant finding in the study comparing experiences and material possessions?

    <p>Spending on experiences offers greater and longer-lasting happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary implication of the concept of the 'hedonic treadmill'?

    <p>People return to a baseline happiness level after changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does generosity relate to personal happiness according to recent studies?

    <p>It fulfills psychological needs and enhances self-perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has research shown about people's emotional adaptability to changes in wealth or health?

    <p>People quickly adjust to changes, reducing their long-term emotional impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Selection Hypothesis suggest about happier individuals?

    <p>They are more likely to get married due to appealing traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the expectation that happiness will stabilize back to baseline after a significant life event?

    <p>Setpoint Theory Prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the findings regarding spending behavior suggest about material possessions versus experiences?

    <p>Experiences create lasting memories and connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do affective forecasting errors indicate about human emotions?

    <p>They reflect an overestimation of future emotional states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indication of the Ceiling Effect in relation to marriage and happiness?

    <p>Happier individuals show less capacity for increased happiness with marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do individuals experience heightened reactions to life changes such as marriage?

    <p>Reaction Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the Adaptation Phase after significant life events?

    <p>Individuals return to their baseline happiness levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Crisis View suggest about life transitions like marriage and widowhood?

    <p>They initially disrupt happiness but individuals eventually adapt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the happiness patterns of individuals before marriage differ based on their pre-marriage happiness levels?

    <p>Less happy individuals experience a stronger positive reaction to marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is commonly observed in life satisfaction one year prior to marriage?

    <p>An increase in life satisfaction linked to relationship decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which moral motive is most specifically aligned with body shame in relation to eating behaviors?

    <p>Symbolic eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In studies about sexism and media exposure, what behavior is significantly observed in men after watching sexist films?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sexual harassment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept describes why individuals may support social systems that disadvantage their own group?

    <p>System justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological concept is influenced by 'mortality salience' in relation to cultural worldviews?

    <p>Terror Management Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism leveled against Fazio's Sequential Priming studies?

    <p>Insufficient trials leading to low reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cialdini argue is the true motivator of behavior that may appear altruistic?

    <p>Personal distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of accessibility refers to ideas that are always mentally available to an individual?

    <p>Chronic accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale was used to assess dehumanization through explicit measures?

    <p>Ascent of Man Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of happiness is more dependent on interpretation rather than external circumstances?

    <p>Psychological resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of money use is indicated to contribute more consistently to well-being?

    <p>Investing in experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does construal affect our subjective well-being?

    <p>It influences our interpretations of experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process better predicts relationship satisfaction according to McNulty's study?

    <p>Implicit measures of associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of threat is primarily concerned with challenges to one's self-esteem?

    <p>Ego Threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which construct is described as always being on one’s mental radar?

    <p>Chronically accessible constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective emphasizes the importance of unconscious feelings in shaping emotional experiences?

    <p>Implicit vs. explicit processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is not mentioned as a contributor to sustained happiness?

    <p>Avoiding social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attachment Theory

    • Attachment theory explores the importance of early childhood attachments for emotional development.

    • Attachment styles, identified through the Strange Situation Procedure, significantly impact adult relationships.

    • Attachment in adults encompasses secure, avoidant, anxious- ambivalent, and fearful styles. Each has discernible behaviors.

    • Attachment theory, according to prominent figures like Bowlby and Ainsworth, impacts emotional health and proximity needs.

    • Attachment styles in adulthood can be assessed through self- report measures like the Love Quiz.

    Self-Esteem as a Social Indicator

    • Leary's Sociometer Model proposes self-esteem as a gauge for social acceptance.

    • Feeling excluded produces a drop in self-esteem.

    • Social connection is essential for maintaining appropriate self-esteem levels.

    Stress

    • Stress triggers the attachment system
    • People respond to stress differently contingent on their attachment style

    • Individuals with secure attachment styles often seek support during stress.

    • People with anxious attachment styles usually rely on emotion-focused coping strategies.

    • Individuals with avoidant styles often use distancing strategies to cope with stress.

    • Positive views of oneself and one's partner influence happiness in a relationship.

    Studies on Attachment and Stress

    • Shaver's study suggests that attachment styles impact how people cope with stress.

    • Studies by Mario McHulenzer explored how attachment styles could predict responses to stress.

    • Attachment styles, like those studied by Hazan and Shaver, remain relatively stable.

    • Research suggests that people respond to stress in predictable ways depending on their attachment styles.

    • Priming studies, (e.g., by Pierce) showed how implicit activation of attachment bonds could influence coping.

    • Studies by Mikulincer and others explore how attachment patterns may lead to greater or lesser resilience to life stressors.

    • Research consistently shows that secure attachment styles are related to better relationship outcomes compared to other styles.

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    Related Documents

    Attachment Theory Lecture Notes PSYC215 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the nuanced concepts of attachment theory and its influence on emotional development. It also examines self-esteem as a social indicator and its relation to attachment styles and stress responses. Test your understanding of these psychological principles and their implications in adulthood.

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