Questions and Answers
What are the two influences on Personal Control Beliefs?
Define expectancy.
Efficacy Expectations and Outcome Expectations.
Efficacy expectations and outcome expectations are the same causal determinants of behavior.
False
What is self-efficacy?
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Which of the following are sources of self-efficacy? (Select all that apply)
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What is a likely effect of high self-efficacy on behavior?
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What do mastery motivational orientations refer to?
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What describes helpless motivational orientations?
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What is the meaning of hope in the context of goals?
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Learned helplessness indicates that behavior will have an effect on the environment.
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Which areas can learned helplessness phenomena be applied to? (Select all that apply)
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What are the components of learned helplessness?
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List some effects of helplessness.
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What is explanatory style?
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What does CBT stand for?
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What is reactance in psychology?
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Study Notes
Personal Control Beliefs
- Refers to the belief in one's ability to effect change and the expectation that the environment will respond to these changes.
Expectancy
- Efficacy Expectations: Self-assessment of personal capacity to perform actions.
- Outcome Expectation: Anticipation that actions performed will lead to specific results.
Expectations in Behavior
- Efficacy and outcome expectations distinctly influence the initiation and regulation of behaviors.
Self Efficacy
- Refers to one’s perceived ability to manage situations based on skills and circumstances.
- Strongly connected to feelings of self-efficacy.
Sources of Self Efficacy
- Personal Behavior History: Past experiences shape self-efficacy.
- Vicarious Experience: Observing others can influence beliefs about one's abilities.
- Verbal Persuasion: Encouragement from others boosts self-efficacy.
- Physiological State: Physical sensations and emotional states impact confidence levels.
Self Efficacy Effects on Behavior
- Influences choices, effort levels, persistence, cognitive processes, and emotional responses during tasks.
Mastery Motivational Orientations
- Characterized by resilience and focus on task mastery in the face of challenges.
- Individuals feel energized by difficult tasks and focus on dynamic factors in their environment.
Helpless Motivational Orientations
- Marked by fragility in the face of failure, leading to withdrawal and defeatism.
- Challenging tasks induce self-doubt and a sense of inability to control outcomes.
Hope
- Derived from the combination of motivation towards goals and the identification of multiple pathways to reach those goals.
Learned Helplessness
- Results from the perception that behavior does not influence the environment and leads to uncertainty in life outcomes.
Applications of Learned Helplessness
- Relevant in contexts such as:
- Depression
- Elderly adults in care facilities
- Domestic violence scenarios
- Substance abuse
- Learning disabilities in children
Components of Learned Helplessness
- Contingency: The relationship between behavior and outcome, varying from controllable to uncontrollable.
- Cognitions: Personal interpretations and biases affecting one's view of behavior-outcome relationships.
- Behavior: The spectrum of engagement from passive to active responses to the environment.
Effects of Helplessness
- Results in deficits across motivation, learning, and emotional realms.
Explanatory Style
- A stable cognitive style indicating how individuals explain negative events: either pessimistically or optimistically.
- Self-serving biases can create a false sense of control.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Focuses on altering thought patterns to influence emotional well-being and behavior.
Reactance
- Examines how individuals react to events perceived as uncontrollable, often demonstrating aggressive behaviors to restore a sense of control.
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Description
Explore the concepts of self-efficacy and personal control beliefs in this quiz. Understand how efficacy and outcome expectations influence behavior and the sources that shape self-efficacy. Test your knowledge on how personal experiences and external influences affect one’s belief in their capabilities.