Week 3 S

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Questions and Answers

What is the core assumption of Self-Determination Theory regarding human behavior?

Humans strive for psychological growth and development. (correct)

All human behaviors are predetermined.

Motivation is not essential for behavior engagement.

Human behaviors are influenced solely by external factors.

Which of the following describes intrinsic motivation in the context of exercise?

Exercising to meet external expectations.

Exercising for the sake of winning a competition.

Exercising because you love the feeling of moving your body. (correct)

Exercising because it aligns with personal health goals.

What does 'Identified Regulation' imply about an individual's motivation?

The behavior is fully assimilated with the individual's identity.

The individual recognizes the value of the behavior but does not enjoy it. (correct)

The individual participates in behavior solely for external rewards.

The individual acts based on personal satisfaction and enjoyment.

According to Self-Determination Theory, which of the following is NOT a type of motivation?

Social Reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What role does self-efficacy play in physical activity behavior according to social cognitive theories?

It enhances situational self-confidence to perform physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

What factor is significant in determining an individual's intentions to engage in behavior according to the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

Strength of motivation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation integrates personal goals with external outcomes in Self-Determination Theory?

Integrated Regulation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the built environment, what is a focus of the Social Ecological Model discussed in the content?

Effects of bike lanes on neighbourhoods Signup and view all the answers

What defines introjected regulation in motivation?

Motivation driven by internal pressures like guilt Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation is negatively associated with supporting all three psychological needs?

Amotivation Signup and view all the answers

How do teachers influence physical activity (PA) among students?

By creating activities that support autonomy and competency Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high self-determination in motivation?

Stronger intrinsic motivation Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological need is most strongly supported by intrinsic motivation?

Sense of autonomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about extrinsic motivation is correct?

It is motivated by external rewards or to avoid punishments. Signup and view all the answers

What type of motivation could lead to a complete lack of engagement?

Amotivation Signup and view all the answers

What can influence a child's frequency of self-weighing for weight management?

Incentives provided for self-weighing Signup and view all the answers

What was a key behavior measured in the study regarding the incentive group?

Frequency of self-weighing Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment features influence physical activity according to the built environment aspect?

Functional, safety, and aesthetic features Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of green spaces mentioned in the content?

Parks, forests, and gardens Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the removal of financial incentives have on participant behaviors?

It caused a negative impact on behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which motivation theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation in relation to physical activity?

Self-Determination Theory Signup and view all the answers

What type of incentive did participants in the incentive group receive in addition to monetary rewards?

Encouraging messaging on digital weight scales Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is a part of the Social-Ecological Model in promoting physical activity?

Structural and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a part of the built environment features discussed?

Natural Features Signup and view all the answers

What typically drives introjected regulation, and how does it impact motivation?

Introjected regulation is driven by internal pressures like guilt or obligation, impacting motivation by creating a sense of obligation rather than genuine desire. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relationship between physical activity and intrinsic motivation based on the studied data.

The relationship is positive; higher intrinsic motivation is associated with increased physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of extrinsic motivation and amotivation on psychological needs?

Both extrinsic motivation and amotivation negatively impact the support of all three psychological needs. Signup and view all the answers

How can teachers effectively support autonomy and competency in physical activity?

Teachers can create activities that foster autonomy and enhance feelings of competency among students. Signup and view all the answers

What role do incentives play in shifting an individual's motivation from extrinsic to intrinsic?

Incentives can help increase intrinsic motivation by initially providing external rewards that transition towards self-determined motivation. Signup and view all the answers

What key factor influences a child's frequency of self-weighing for weight management?

The presence of effective incentives is a key factor influencing a child's self-weighing frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main sources that contribute to self-efficacy in physical activity?

Mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological/affective states. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation is associated with performing actions solely for external rewards?

External regulation is associated with actions performed solely for external rewards or to avoid punishment. Signup and view all the answers

How does relatedness impact students' physical activity according to the presented information?

Relatedness, or the connection with peers, has a greater influence on physical activity than teacher support. Signup and view all the answers

How does intrinsic motivation differ from identified regulation?

Intrinsic motivation comes from personal enjoyment, while identified regulation is when individuals recognize the value of the behavior but are motivated by external reasons. Signup and view all the answers

What impact do incentives have on an individual's motivation to engage in physical activity according to the Self-Determination Theory?

Incentives can enhance motivation if they align with intrinsic goals but may undermine intrinsic motivation when perceived as controlling. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the Social Ecological Model relates to the built environment and physical activity.

The Social Ecological Model emphasizes how physical infrastructure, like bike lanes, influences community engagement in physical activities. Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral measure was used to assess participants' responses in the Weight Watchers study?

The frequency of self-weighing. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the strength of motivation play in the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

The strength of motivation, which influences intentions, predicts the likelihood of an individual engaging in a specific behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How did the financial incentive change over the course of the Weight Watchers study?

The monetary incentive increased each week. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'functional features' in the context of the built environment?

Functional features are structural aspects that enable individuals to use the environment, like paths and sidewalks. Signup and view all the answers

In Self-Determination Theory, what is the significance of psychological needs in motivation?

Basic psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness are crucial for fostering intrinsic motivation and overall well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does proximity to green and blue spaces have on physical activity levels?

Individuals living near green or blue spaces are more likely to be physically active. Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between situational self-confidence and physical activity behavior?

Situational self-confidence, or self-efficacy, directly motivates individuals to initiate and maintain participation in physical activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of safety features in the built environment?

Safety features protect individuals from harm and encourage physical activity participation. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the concept of integrated regulation fits into the spectrum of motivation types.

Integrated regulation involves behaviors that align with personal goals and values while still being influenced by external outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

In the Social-Ecological Model, what role does the individual play in physical activity behaviors?

The individual is just one part of a larger system that includes environmental and social factors. Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect was observed when the monetary incentive was removed in the study?

There was a negative effect on motivation and potentially on physical activity levels. Signup and view all the answers

What types of features in the built environment can enhance motivation for physical activity?

Aesthetic features and destination features improve the appeal and accessibility of active environments. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

SDT proposes that human behaviours are volitional (we have a choice) and that humans strive for psychological growth and development.
The quality and strength of motivation are equally important in determining whether a person will engage in a behavior.
SDT recognizes five types of motivation: intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, and external.
Intrinsic motivation, driven by internal satisfaction, enjoyment, and interest, is positively associated with physical activity (PA).
Extrinsic motivation and amotivation are negatively associated with PA.
Intrinsic motivation is positively associated with supporting all three psychological needs: autonomy, competency, and relatedness.
Extrinsic motivation and amotivation are negatively associated with supporting all three psychological needs.
Teachers have a strong influence on creating activities that support autonomy and competency, which increases PA.
Connecting and relating with peers has a greater influence on PA than teachers.

Incentives and Motivation

Incentives can shift motivation from external to internal, but the effects are not always consistent.
Incentives may increase PA during the intervention period, but a negative effect (expectancy-value) occurs when the incentive is removed.
Factors such as the type of incentive, the duration of the intervention, and individual characteristics influence the effectiveness of incentives.

Proposes that the individual is only one part of the equation.
Structural, environmental, political, and interpersonal factors impact PA behavior.
The built environment plays a crucial role in supporting PA.
Functional features, such as paths, sidewalks, streets, and lighting, influence the usability of an environment.
Safety features, including bike lanes, fences, and lighting, contribute to feelings of security.
Aesthetic features, such as trees, flowers, and architecture, enhance the appeal of an environment.
Destination features refer to the availability and proximity of places where people can walk or bike, such as shops, bus stops, and gyms.
Green spaces (parks, forests, gardens) and blue spaces (rivers, lakes, oceans) contribute to mental well-being and promote physical activity.

Self-Determination Theory

Humans are driven by a desire for psychological growth and development, and have the ability to make choices about their actions
The quality and strength of motivation are equally important in determining whether a person will engage in a behavior.
SDT recognizes five types of motivation:
- Intrinsic Motivation: This type of motivation arises from within the individual, and is driven by personal interest, enjoyment, or satisfaction. It's the most self-determined type of motivation.
- Integrated Regulation: Individuals fully assimilate behaviors with their sense of self and values. They engage in the behavior because it aligns with their identity and long-term goals.
- Identified Regulation: The individual recognizes the value of a behavior, accepts it as their own, but does so for external reasons.
- Introjected Regulation: Motivation stems from internal pressures, such as guilt or obligation, but it's not truly self-determined.
- External Regulation: Individuals engage in actions solely for external rewards or to avoid punishment. This is the least self-determined type of motivation.
Research has shown:
- A positive relationship between physical activity and intrinsic motivation.
- A negative relationship between physical activity and extrinsic motivation and amotivation.
Supporting the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) is associated with increased intrinsic motivation and decreased extrinsic motivation and amotivation.
Teachers can influence the support of autonomy and competence, but have less influence on relatedness. Connecting with peers has a greater impact on relatedness.

Incentive Motivation

Incentives can be used to increase motivation, but there is uncertainty about how people transition through different motivational stages or how to shift motivation.
Monetary incentives can increase self-weighing frequency in individuals with obesity, but the effect has been found to be temporary and negative when the incentive is removed.
Incentives can potentially have a negative effect on intrinsic motivation, which is often more sustainable in the long term.

The individual is a part of a larger system within the environment.
Factors in the built environment, such as structural features, safety features, aesthetic features, and destination features, can impact physical activity.
Green and blue spaces, such as parks, forests, gardens, rivers, lakes and oceans, can contribute to positive mental well-being and increase physical activity.

Summary

Self-Determination Theory emphasizes the importance of both the quality and strength of motivation.
Incentives can be utilized to increase motivation, but it's important to consider potential negative impacts and the need for long-term sustainable strategies.
The Social-Ecological Model acknowledges that individual behavior occurs within a complex environment.
The individual is just one part of a system that comprises multiple factors, including structural, environmental, political, and interpersonal factors.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which emphasizes the importance of motivation in human behavior and psychological growth. This quiz covers types of motivation such as intrinsic and extrinsic, and their impact on physical activity and psychological needs. Understand the role of educators in fostering an environment that supports autonomy and competency.