Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the 'I' self refer to in William James' theory?
What does the 'I' self refer to in William James' theory?
- The stable traits and roles of an individual.
- The individual's real-time experiences and reactions. (correct)
- The self as perceived by others in social contexts.
- The objective aspects of self based on past experiences.
What is the key characteristic of the Global Model of self?
What is the key characteristic of the Global Model of self?
- It highlights consistent traits and values across situations. (correct)
- It focuses primarily on individual personality traits.
- It suggests that self-concept is variable across cultures.
- It emphasizes the role of social feedback in self-perception.
What aspect does the Differentiated Model focus on?
What aspect does the Differentiated Model focus on?
- Unique self-concept interpretations within specific contexts. (correct)
- The objectives of self as defined by psychological constructs.
- Universal self-concept patterns across all cultures.
- Stability of personality traits over time.
Which of the following best describes the 'Me' self?
Which of the following best describes the 'Me' self?
How is self-perception impacted by cognitive processes?
How is self-perception impacted by cognitive processes?
What does cultural identity models primarily study?
What does cultural identity models primarily study?
Which statement reflects a misunderstanding about the 'Me' self?
Which statement reflects a misunderstanding about the 'Me' self?
In terms of self-perception, what role does the subconscious mind play?
In terms of self-perception, what role does the subconscious mind play?
What does the real self refer to in Carl Rogers' Self Theory?
What does the real self refer to in Carl Rogers' Self Theory?
What does intrapsychic differentiation allow individuals to do?
What does intrapsychic differentiation allow individuals to do?
Which statement best describes interpersonal differentiation?
Which statement best describes interpersonal differentiation?
In the context of Carl Rogers' theory, what reflects a person's ideal self?
In the context of Carl Rogers' theory, what reflects a person's ideal self?
How does Bowen's Differentiated Model contribute to individual health?
How does Bowen's Differentiated Model contribute to individual health?
What is a consequence of lacking differentiation of self?
What is a consequence of lacking differentiation of self?
What role does self-reflection play in understanding one's real self?
What role does self-reflection play in understanding one's real self?
What is one of the primary goals of Carl Rogers' Self Theory?
What is one of the primary goals of Carl Rogers' Self Theory?
What does the 'ideal self' represent?
What does the 'ideal self' represent?
How does the 'multiple selves' concept differ from 'unified self'?
How does the 'multiple selves' concept differ from 'unified self'?
Which of the following best describes the 'true self' according to Winnicott's theory?
Which of the following best describes the 'true self' according to Winnicott's theory?
David Lester's work primarily focuses on which of the following areas?
David Lester's work primarily focuses on which of the following areas?
What does a 'false self' typically represent in Winnicott's theory?
What does a 'false self' typically represent in Winnicott's theory?
In Lester's concept of multiple selves, how might Julia's behavior at work be characterized?
In Lester's concept of multiple selves, how might Julia's behavior at work be characterized?
What aspect does the 'unified self' emphasize in Lester's theory?
What aspect does the 'unified self' emphasize in Lester's theory?
What might Samantha's aspiration to become a skilled public speaker illustrate about her self-perception?
What might Samantha's aspiration to become a skilled public speaker illustrate about her self-perception?
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Study Notes
Self-Awareness & Cognitive Construction
- Self-awareness is influenced by cognitive processes like perception, interpretation, and memory
- Self-concept changes as individuals incorporate new information and reinterpret experiences
William James' Self Theory
- "I" self: Experiences in the present moment, including thoughts, feelings, and actions
- Reflecting on thoughts and feelings, like a challenging conversation
- Making decisions based on values and preferences, like choosing a career path
- "Me" self: Objective aspects of ourselves, including traits, roles, and self-perception based on past experiences and social feedback
- Identifying oneself as a student, friend, or sibling
- Recognizing physical attributes, like being tall or having blue eyes
Global vs. Differentiated Models of the Self
- Global Model: Traits, values, and self-concept remain consistent across different situations
- Fundamental aspects of the self define one's identity regardless of external factors
- Example: Harper's kindness and patience are consistent across various social contexts
- Differentiated Model: Developed by Murray Bowen, it emphasizes intrapsychic and interpersonal differentiation
- Intrapsychic Differentiation: Distinguishing thoughts from emotions
- Example: Paul pursuing his career goals despite family expectations
- Interpersonal Differentiation: Distinguishing one's experience from those of others
- Example: Adrian respectfully disagreeing with a close friend's political views without feeling the need to argue or distance himself
- Intrapsychic Differentiation: Distinguishing thoughts from emotions
Carl Rogers' Self Theory
- Real Self: How individuals perceive themselves currently, including beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
- Example: John's perception of himself as a reliable employee reflects his real self
- Ideal Self: Aspirations, goals, values, and envisioned accomplishments
- Example: Samantha's aspiration to become a skilled public speaker represents her ideal self
David Lester's Theory of Multiple vs. Unified Selves
- Multiple Selves: Individuals can exhibit different identities or behaviors in various situations or roles
- Example: Julia acting confidently at work but being more reserved with friends
- Unified Self: Cohesive identity that integrates various aspects of the self into a harmonious whole
- Example: Emily maintaining a stable self-concept across life domains
Donald W. Winnicott's Theory of True vs. False Self
- True Self: Authentic and innate qualities, reflecting one's core identity and genuine feelings
- False Self: Developed as a defense mechanism to protect the true self.
- Can arise from environments that don't fully support or validate the true self.
- Example: Someone who might always try to please others but is not true to their own values can be seen as having a false self.
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