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Selective Attention Theories Quiz
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Selective Attention Theories Quiz

Created by
@ChampionYeti

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the selective filter in Broadbent's Model?

  • To allow all sensory inputs to reach perception.
  • To slow down the processing of sensory information.
  • To permit only one channel of sensory information to proceed to perception. (correct)
  • To enhance the clarity of all sensory inputs.

    • Which of the following statements aligns with the findings of Colin Cherry regarding unattended information?

  • Unattended information is always completely ignored.
  • All stimuli can be equally processed regardless of attention.
  • Some unattended information can be noticed if it requires less processing. (correct)
  • Unattended messages are irrelevant to the assigned meaning of sensations.

    • What aspect of unattended messages did Moray's research highlight?

  • Attention must be fully focused for any information to be processed.
  • High-level processing is always required for any message to be understood.
  • Personally relevant information can sometimes break through the filter. (correct)
  • All unattended messages are filtered out effectively.

    • What do filter theories of selective attention primarily focus on?

    <p>Selecting and managing competing pieces of sensory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Treisman's Attenuation Model, what is the purpose of the attenuation process?

    <p>To allow significant unattended messages to be processed less thoroughly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Broadbent's Model, when does the filtering of information occur?

    <p>At the sensory level, right after noticing incoming information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical question is raised regarding the filtering of incoming information?

    <p>Is there a distinct filter for incoming information?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the bottleneck theory of attention?

    <p>It slows down the processing of information, creating a queue for attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of Neisser & Becklen's study in 1975?

    <p>The ability to monitor two activities simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed regarding participants' performance in Spelke et al.'s (1976) study initially?

    <p>Participants showed poor performance when performing tasks simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did practice influence the participants' performance in Spelke et al.'s study?

    <p>Performance improved on both reading and writing tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Spelke and colleagues suggest regarding controlled tasks?

    <p>They can be automatised to consume fewer attentional resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant finding from Neisser & Becklen's research regarding monitoring activities with different eyes?

    <p>Participants could monitor one activity while ignoring the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of divided attention, what does 'automatising' mean?

    <p>Performing tasks without conscious awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method was used to investigate divided attention in Spelke et al.'s study?

    <p>Dual-task paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did researchers expect the performance to improve after practice in Spelke et al.'s study?

    <p>Practice leads to skill enhancement over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Treisman observe about bilingual participants in her study?

    <p>They recognized translated versions of the attended message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Treisman's theory of selective attention propose?

    <p>Non-target stimuli are simply weakened rather than blocked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the late filter model proposed by Deutsch & Deutsch, when is filtering applied?

    <p>After stimuli have been analyzed for meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics applies to pre attentive processes, according to Neisser?

    <p>They rapidly analyze physical sensory characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Treisman’s findings indicate processing of unaOended messages?

    <p>Participants noticed slight discrepancies in temporal synchronization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of a filter in Treisman’s model?

    <p>The filter merely weakens stimuli that are not the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect did the late filter model add to the understanding of selective attention?

    <p>It allows for the recognition of important information in the unaOended ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the pre attentive processes according to Neisser?

    <p>They only focus on physical characteristics and not meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon causes a person's response to suffer when performing two overlapping speeded tasks?

    <p>Psychological refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the capacity model of attention suggest about how humans allocate attention to tasks?

    <p>There is a fixed amount of attention that can be allocated as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of modality on divided attention?

    <p>Dividing attention between different modalities is generally easier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interpretation have researchers made regarding capacity models of attention?

    <p>They oversimplify the nature of attentional resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tasks exemplifies the difficulty in dividing attention as indicated in the content?

    <p>Listening to the news while writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how does performing need for cognitive tasks affect speeded task responses?

    <p>It can lead to a psychological refractory period effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when individuals try to choose responses while performing multiple cognitive tasks?

    <p>They often exhibit a decrease in performance speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common view about attentional resources across different modalities?

    <p>Some attentional resources are specific to certain modalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does she use to memorize the number?

    <p>Encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the brief retention of sensory stimulation?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon causes us to perceive continuous motion in film despite it being a series of still images?

    <p>Persistence of vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did George Sperling conduct his experiment related to sensory memory?

    <p>1960</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many images does a film projector flash on the screen every second?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the shutter of a projector closes briefly?

    <p>A new frame appears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is described when the perception of light is retained in a viewer's mind after seeing a moving sparkler?

    <p>Persistence of vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Sperling's experiment, what duration were the letters presented for?

    <p>50 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sound Intensity and Attention Theories

    • Sound intensity influences the perception of loudness.
    • Theories of selective attention categorize into filter and bottleneck theories.
    • Filter theories block certain information from progressing, while bottleneck theories slow down the passage of information.

    Broadbent’s Model

    • Proposed by Broadbent in 1958, suggesting filtering occurs at the sensory level.
    • Multiple sensory channels (loudness, pitch, accent) are processed, allowing only one to continue to perception.
    • Unattended stimuli can be processed if they do not require elaborate comprehension.

    Moray's Selective Filter Model

    • Identified that personal significance, such as one's name, can break through the selective filter.
    • Suggests that some critical messages may bypass the filter, while most information is blocked at the sensory level.

    Treisman’s Attenuation Model

    • Proposed that instead of complete blocking, non-target stimuli are weakened.
    • Participants were able to recognize the beginning of shadowed messages even when they switched to the unattended ear.
    • Allows for processing of some irrelevant information if it has significance, leading to awareness of that content.

    Late Filter Model

    • Developed by Deutsch & Deutsch in 1963, positing that filtering occurs after stimuli are analyzed for physical properties and meaning.
    • Stimuli reaching the unattended ear can still be recognized based on familiarity or personal relevance.

    Neisser’s Synthesis

    • Neisser integrated early and late filter models, introducing two processes:
      • Pre-attentive processes which rapidly detect physical properties but not meanings.

    Divided Attention Research

    • Neisser & Becklen demonstrated that participants struggle to monitor multiple tasks simultaneously, even with visual separation (e.g., one eye for basketball, the other for hand slapping).
    • Spelke et al. found through practice that participants could automate tasks, reaching performance levels akin to solo task performance after extensive sessions.

    Psychological Refractory Period (PRP)

    • Introduced by Pashler, this concept explains slower reaction times when engaging in concurrent tasks, emphasizing cognitive limitations in multitasking.
    • Individuals can process sensory properties concurrently but struggle with cognitively demanding tasks that require response selection.

    Capacity Models of Attention

    • Capacity models argue for the finite allocation of attentional resources, with some proposing a single pool versus others advocating for multiple modality-specific resources.
    • Performance improves when tasks combine different modalities, such as listening to music while writing (easier) compared to two verbal tasks (harder).

    Sensory Memory

    • Sensory memory is the brief retention of sensory impressions.
    • Example: Persistence of vision creates the illusion of continuous light during rapid movements.
    • Sperling’s experiment (1960) assessed the capacity of sensory memory by flashing letters briefly, revealing limitations in immediate recall.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the theories of selective attention, including the filter and bottleneck theories. Participants will engage with concepts related to sound intensity and the processing of sensory information. Test your knowledge on how our brain filters and prioritizes information!

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