Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the selective filter in Broadbent's Model?
What is the primary function of the selective filter in Broadbent's Model?
Which of the following statements aligns with the findings of Colin Cherry regarding unattended information?
Which of the following statements aligns with the findings of Colin Cherry regarding unattended information?
What aspect of unattended messages did Moray's research highlight?
What aspect of unattended messages did Moray's research highlight?
What do filter theories of selective attention primarily focus on?
What do filter theories of selective attention primarily focus on?
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In Treisman's Attenuation Model, what is the purpose of the attenuation process?
In Treisman's Attenuation Model, what is the purpose of the attenuation process?
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According to Broadbent's Model, when does the filtering of information occur?
According to Broadbent's Model, when does the filtering of information occur?
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What critical question is raised regarding the filtering of incoming information?
What critical question is raised regarding the filtering of incoming information?
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Which of the following best describes the bottleneck theory of attention?
Which of the following best describes the bottleneck theory of attention?
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What was the main focus of Neisser & Becklen's study in 1975?
What was the main focus of Neisser & Becklen's study in 1975?
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What was observed regarding participants' performance in Spelke et al.'s (1976) study initially?
What was observed regarding participants' performance in Spelke et al.'s (1976) study initially?
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How did practice influence the participants' performance in Spelke et al.'s study?
How did practice influence the participants' performance in Spelke et al.'s study?
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What concept did Spelke and colleagues suggest regarding controlled tasks?
What concept did Spelke and colleagues suggest regarding controlled tasks?
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What was a significant finding from Neisser & Becklen's research regarding monitoring activities with different eyes?
What was a significant finding from Neisser & Becklen's research regarding monitoring activities with different eyes?
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In the context of divided attention, what does 'automatising' mean?
In the context of divided attention, what does 'automatising' mean?
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Which research method was used to investigate divided attention in Spelke et al.'s study?
Which research method was used to investigate divided attention in Spelke et al.'s study?
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Why did researchers expect the performance to improve after practice in Spelke et al.'s study?
Why did researchers expect the performance to improve after practice in Spelke et al.'s study?
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What did Treisman observe about bilingual participants in her study?
What did Treisman observe about bilingual participants in her study?
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What does Treisman's theory of selective attention propose?
What does Treisman's theory of selective attention propose?
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In the late filter model proposed by Deutsch & Deutsch, when is filtering applied?
In the late filter model proposed by Deutsch & Deutsch, when is filtering applied?
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Which of the following characteristics applies to pre attentive processes, according to Neisser?
Which of the following characteristics applies to pre attentive processes, according to Neisser?
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How did Treisman’s findings indicate processing of unaOended messages?
How did Treisman’s findings indicate processing of unaOended messages?
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Which statement best describes the role of a filter in Treisman’s model?
Which statement best describes the role of a filter in Treisman’s model?
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What aspect did the late filter model add to the understanding of selective attention?
What aspect did the late filter model add to the understanding of selective attention?
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What is a limitation of the pre attentive processes according to Neisser?
What is a limitation of the pre attentive processes according to Neisser?
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What phenomenon causes a person's response to suffer when performing two overlapping speeded tasks?
What phenomenon causes a person's response to suffer when performing two overlapping speeded tasks?
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What does the capacity model of attention suggest about how humans allocate attention to tasks?
What does the capacity model of attention suggest about how humans allocate attention to tasks?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of modality on divided attention?
Which of the following best describes the impact of modality on divided attention?
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What interpretation have researchers made regarding capacity models of attention?
What interpretation have researchers made regarding capacity models of attention?
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What type of tasks exemplifies the difficulty in dividing attention as indicated in the content?
What type of tasks exemplifies the difficulty in dividing attention as indicated in the content?
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According to the content, how does performing need for cognitive tasks affect speeded task responses?
According to the content, how does performing need for cognitive tasks affect speeded task responses?
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What is the result when individuals try to choose responses while performing multiple cognitive tasks?
What is the result when individuals try to choose responses while performing multiple cognitive tasks?
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What is the common view about attentional resources across different modalities?
What is the common view about attentional resources across different modalities?
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What process does she use to memorize the number?
What process does she use to memorize the number?
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What is the term used to describe the brief retention of sensory stimulation?
What is the term used to describe the brief retention of sensory stimulation?
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What phenomenon causes us to perceive continuous motion in film despite it being a series of still images?
What phenomenon causes us to perceive continuous motion in film despite it being a series of still images?
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In what year did George Sperling conduct his experiment related to sensory memory?
In what year did George Sperling conduct his experiment related to sensory memory?
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How many images does a film projector flash on the screen every second?
How many images does a film projector flash on the screen every second?
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What happens when the shutter of a projector closes briefly?
What happens when the shutter of a projector closes briefly?
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Which effect is described when the perception of light is retained in a viewer's mind after seeing a moving sparkler?
Which effect is described when the perception of light is retained in a viewer's mind after seeing a moving sparkler?
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In Sperling's experiment, what duration were the letters presented for?
In Sperling's experiment, what duration were the letters presented for?
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Study Notes
Sound Intensity and Attention Theories
- Sound intensity influences the perception of loudness.
- Theories of selective attention categorize into filter and bottleneck theories.
- Filter theories block certain information from progressing, while bottleneck theories slow down the passage of information.
Broadbent’s Model
- Proposed by Broadbent in 1958, suggesting filtering occurs at the sensory level.
- Multiple sensory channels (loudness, pitch, accent) are processed, allowing only one to continue to perception.
- Unattended stimuli can be processed if they do not require elaborate comprehension.
Moray's Selective Filter Model
- Identified that personal significance, such as one's name, can break through the selective filter.
- Suggests that some critical messages may bypass the filter, while most information is blocked at the sensory level.
Treisman’s Attenuation Model
- Proposed that instead of complete blocking, non-target stimuli are weakened.
- Participants were able to recognize the beginning of shadowed messages even when they switched to the unattended ear.
- Allows for processing of some irrelevant information if it has significance, leading to awareness of that content.
Late Filter Model
- Developed by Deutsch & Deutsch in 1963, positing that filtering occurs after stimuli are analyzed for physical properties and meaning.
- Stimuli reaching the unattended ear can still be recognized based on familiarity or personal relevance.
Neisser’s Synthesis
- Neisser integrated early and late filter models, introducing two processes:
- Pre-attentive processes which rapidly detect physical properties but not meanings.
Divided Attention Research
- Neisser & Becklen demonstrated that participants struggle to monitor multiple tasks simultaneously, even with visual separation (e.g., one eye for basketball, the other for hand slapping).
- Spelke et al. found through practice that participants could automate tasks, reaching performance levels akin to solo task performance after extensive sessions.
Psychological Refractory Period (PRP)
- Introduced by Pashler, this concept explains slower reaction times when engaging in concurrent tasks, emphasizing cognitive limitations in multitasking.
- Individuals can process sensory properties concurrently but struggle with cognitively demanding tasks that require response selection.
Capacity Models of Attention
- Capacity models argue for the finite allocation of attentional resources, with some proposing a single pool versus others advocating for multiple modality-specific resources.
- Performance improves when tasks combine different modalities, such as listening to music while writing (easier) compared to two verbal tasks (harder).
Sensory Memory
- Sensory memory is the brief retention of sensory impressions.
- Example: Persistence of vision creates the illusion of continuous light during rapid movements.
- Sperling’s experiment (1960) assessed the capacity of sensory memory by flashing letters briefly, revealing limitations in immediate recall.
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Description
This quiz explores the theories of selective attention, including the filter and bottleneck theories. Participants will engage with concepts related to sound intensity and the processing of sensory information. Test your knowledge on how our brain filters and prioritizes information!
