Week 4.2 How to attend!
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where we can't attend to all sensory information?

  • Automatic data reduction
  • Sensory systems
  • Selective attention (correct)
  • Conscious selective attention

Which concept involves the automatic filtering of sensory data to reduce the amount of information processed?

  • Selective attention
  • Cocktail party effect
  • Conscious selective attention
  • Sensory systems (correct)

What term is used to describe the phenomenon where we consciously choose which sensory information to focus on, like in a crowded room?

  • Selective attention
  • Automatic data reduction
  • Cocktail party effect
  • Conscious selective attention (correct)

What did subjects in Dichotic listening studies demonstrate for the attended message?

<p>Semantic knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding related to the unattended message in Dichotic listening studies?

<p>There was semantic retention of the last few words in working memory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did people direct their attention in Dichotic listening studies?

<p>To the source from one ear for the attended message (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation of Broadbent's sensory filter theory is highlighted in the text?

<p>Inability to explain the cocktail party effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Broadbent's sensory filter theory struggle to account for multi-modality processing?

<p>It lacks a mechanism for integrating different types of sensory information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cognitive processing does Broadbent's sensory filter theory fail to address according to the text?

<p>The role of semantic meaning in attentional allocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Broadbent's sensory filter theory, what is responsible for breaking through the filter to become information that we are consciously aware of?

<p>Attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a crucial role in determining which information passes through the filter based on Broadbent's sensory filter theory?

<p>Physical properties of the stimulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dichotic listening, what is the primary determinant of whether information reaches conscious awareness in accordance with Broadbent's sensory filter theory?

<p>pitch, nature of voice, ear the sound is coming through (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Triesman attenuation theory propose about the attentional bottleneck?

<p>It is an early or middle, soft attentional bottleneck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Triesman attenuation theory describe the processing of unattended information?

<p>Unattended information is attenuated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Triesman attenuation theory, what are the factors that can influence the selection of information for processing?

<p>Physical properties Salience, Dictionary analysis filter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Deutsch and Deutsch theory, what is the basis for selection of information that reaches conscious awareness?

<p>selection is based on Importance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Deutsch and Deutsch theory, what is the main characteristic of everything processed for meaning?

<p>Late filtering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest that the brain processes information in relation to the three models?

<p>The brain can seamlessly combine aspects of all three models as needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the interaction between automaticity and task demands in explaining human behavior?

<p>Automaticity can modulate its interaction with task demands to shape behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does blocking out information play, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Blocking out information can help in certain situations to manage cognitive load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory memory has a duration of approximately 400 milliseconds?

<p>Iconic memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sensory store theory, what is the role of attention in relation to the stored data?

<p>Attention is focused on the stored data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the modality-specific nature of the short-term stores in the sensory store theory?

<p>Echoic memory, Auditory, A few seconds, Haptic memory, and Touch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Miller's theory regarding the human capacity for items in working memory?

<p>that the human capacity for items to be held in working memory is 7 ± 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Miller's theory contribute to the quantification of cognition?

<p>By establishing a fixed number for items that can be held in working memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sperling's theory suggest about the reason behind the 7 ± 2 limit on holding low-level visual information?

<p>It results from attentional bottlenecks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Sperling's theory, what role does attention play in the capacity to hold low-level visual information briefly?

<p>Attention mediates the 7 ± 2 limit on visual information retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Broadbent's model, how are inputs chosen for further processing?

<p>Based on physical characteristics of the object (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea conveyed in the text about the relationship between attention and processing of visual information?

<p>Attention controls what visual information we process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of change blindness theory, what is the significance of motion?

<p>Motion serves as a strong cue for the allocation of attentional resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does change blindness theory describe the impact of flicking between two still images on information processing?

<p>Prevents motion information from being processed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional factors can contribute to change blindness according to the text?

<p>Presence of visual noise and distractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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