Seismic Waves and Tropical Cyclones Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is formed as warm air rises from the ocean surface?

Tropical cyclone

Trade wind

Low-pressure area (correct)

High-pressure area

What phenomenon causes the rising air from the surface to spiral around the storm's center?

Trade winds

Coriolis effect (correct)

Latent heat release

Intertropical convergence zone

Which zone is primarily responsible for the formation of tropical cyclones around the equator?

Polar region

Tropical belt

Subtropical high

Intertropical convergence zone (correct)

What is the primary purpose of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA)?

Issue flood and typhoon warnings Signup and view all the answers

Which correctly describes the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)?

Region monitored for tropical cyclones Signup and view all the answers

How do landmasses primarily affect tropical cyclones?

They can inhibit the development of cyclones Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the latent heat of condensation?

Energy is released into the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

In which coordinate range is the PAR located according to the given examples?

5°N-115°E to 5°N-119°E Signup and view all the answers

Which seismic wave is recorded first by a seismograph?

P-wave Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes L-waves distinct among seismic waves?

They have the greatest amplitude. Signup and view all the answers

In which ocean do hurricanes typically form?

North Atlantic Ocean Signup and view all the answers

What classification is given to tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds less than 61 km/h?

Tropical Depression Signup and view all the answers

During which stage is a tropical cyclone characterized by high winds and swirling clouds?

Mature Stage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tropical cyclone has maximum sustained winds of 185 km/h or higher?

Super Typhoon Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential conditions for the formative stage of a tropical cyclone?

Tropical oceans that are large, still, and warm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the S-wave?

It is also known as a secondary wave. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does warm, moist air have on a tropical cyclone?

Strengthens the cyclone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason tropical cyclones can weaken when they encounter mountains?

Loss of heat energy Signup and view all the answers

How often does Halley's Comet appear?

Once every 75-76 years Signup and view all the answers

Which meteor shower occurs in mid-August every year?

Perseids Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a comet as a 'dirty snowball'?

A mixture of ice and dust Signup and view all the answers

Why do tropical cyclones often strengthen when passing over plains and highlands?

Increased surface friction Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of asteroids?

They are considered planetoids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about comet Tempel-Tuttle?

It will next appear in May 2031 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seismic Waves

P-waves are the first waves detected by a seismograph, also known as primary waves.
S-waves are the second waves detected, also called secondary waves.
L-waves are the third waves detected, with the greatest amplitude and low frequency. They are named after Augustus Edward Love.
R-waves are the slowest and exist on any free surface within a continuous body.

Tropical Cyclones

PAG-ASA classifies tropical cyclones based on maximum sustained winds near the center.
Hurricanes form in the North Atlantic Ocean affecting the Caribbean Sea.
Typhoons form in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, impacting Southeast Asia, the West Philippine Sea, and Japan.
Tropical cyclones develop through three stages:
- Formative/origin stage: Conditions needed for formation are met.
- Mature stage: Packed with raging winds and swirling clouds.
- Dissipation stage: Weakening and eventual disappearance due to lack of moisture.
Factors for tropical cyclone formation:
- Warm, large, and still tropical oceans.
- Convergence of low-altitude winds (trade winds).
- Latent heat of condensation (energy released).
- Coriolis effect (Earth's rotation).

Tropical Cyclone Categories

Classification	Maximum Sustained Winds (km/h)
Tropical Depression (TD)	< 61
Tropical Storm (TS)	62 to 88
Severe Tropical Storm (STS)	89 to 117
Typhoon (TY)	118 to 184
Super Typhoon (STY)	185 or higher

Typhoon Impact on the Philippines

Philippines is prone to typhoons due to its proximity to the equator and surrounding oceans.
ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) is where tropical cyclones often form.
PAG-ASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration) issues typhoon warnings and forecasts.
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) monitors tropical cyclones and issues warnings within designated coordinates as indicated on the map provided.

Landmasses and Water Bodies Affect on Typhoons

Cold oceans in colder regions: tropical cyclones dissipate.
Warm, moist air access: strengthens tropical cyclones.
Mountains: weaken typhoons by 50%.
Plains and highlands: strengthen typhoons due to increased surface friction.

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Description

Explore the fascinating phenomena of seismic waves and tropical cyclones in this quiz. Learn about P-waves, S-waves, L-waves, and R-waves, along with the classification and formation stages of tropical cyclones. Test your knowledge on these critical natural events!