Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an earthquake?
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is shaking of the Earth.
The release of energy during an earthquake occurs randomly and without pattern.
The release of energy during an earthquake occurs randomly and without pattern.
False (B)
What is the focus, or hypocentre, of an earthquake?
What is the focus, or hypocentre, of an earthquake?
The point where the energy is released.
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
Earthquake waves are only propagated through solid materials.
Earthquake waves are only propagated through solid materials.
How are earthquake waves recorded?
How are earthquake waves recorded?
What are the two basic types of earthquake waves?
What are the two basic types of earthquake waves?
Where are body waves generated?
Where are body waves generated?
Body waves are the slowest type of earthquake wave.
Body waves are the slowest type of earthquake wave.
What are the two types of body waves?
What are the two types of body waves?
P-waves move transversally.
P-waves move transversally.
What type of material can P-waves travel through?
What type of material can P-waves travel through?
What is one characteristic of S-waves?
What is one characteristic of S-waves?
The outer core of the Earth is in solid form.
The outer core of the Earth is in solid form.
Describe how S-waves propagate.
Describe how S-waves propagate.
When are surface waves generated during an earthquake?
When are surface waves generated during an earthquake?
Surface waves are not considered very damaging.
Surface waves are not considered very damaging.
Flashcards
Earthquake
Earthquake
Shaking of the Earth caused by a release of energy.
Earthquake Cause
Earthquake Cause
A natural event caused by the release of energy, generating waves.
Fault
Fault
A sharp break in crustal rocks where energy is released during an earthquake.
Focus/Hypocentre
Focus/Hypocentre
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Epicenter
Epicenter
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Earthquake Waves
Earthquake Waves
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Seismograph
Seismograph
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Body Waves
Body Waves
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Surface Waves
Surface Waves
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P-Waves (Primary)
P-Waves (Primary)
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S-Waves (Secondary)
S-Waves (Secondary)
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Transverse Wave Motion
Transverse Wave Motion
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Longitudinal wave motion
Longitudinal wave motion
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S-wave shadow zone
S-wave shadow zone
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Surface wave generation
Surface wave generation
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Crust
Crust
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Study Notes
Earthquake
- Shaking of the Earth.
- Caused by the release of energy, which generates waves in all directions.
- Energy released along a fault, a sharp break in the crustal rocks.
- The point the energy is released is the focus/hypocentre.
- Waves travel in different directions to the surface.
- The point on the surface, nearest to the focus, is the epicenter.
- It is the first to experience the waves.
- Release of energy is propagated as waves.
Earthquake Waves
- Recorded on the seismograph.
- Body waves and surface waves.
Body Waves
- Generated at the focus, moving in all directions through the Earth.
- Fastest in reaching the surface.
- Primary (P-waves) and Secondary (S-waves).
Primary waves/P-waves
- Moves longitudinally
- Propagation and vibration are in the same direction.
- Fastest of all earthquake waves.
- Can travel through gaseous, liquid, and solid materials.
Secondary waves/S-waves
- Second to reach the surface after P-waves.
- Can only travel through solid materials.
- Cannot pass through the Earth's outer core.
- Consequently, shadow zone is broader than P-waves, which reveals that the outer core of the Earth is not solid.
- Propagate transversally
- Direction of propagation and vibration is perpendicular to each other.
Surface waves
- Generated when body waves interact with surface rocks.
- Travel along the surface.
- The direction of vibration is perpendicular to the propagation.
- The most damaging.
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Description
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth caused by a release of energy. This energy generates waves in all directions from the focus. Primary waves are the fastest and can travel through any material, while secondary waves are slower and can only travel through solids.
