Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are seismic hazards?
What are seismic hazards?
Agents that cause significant damage to the built environment.
What is ground shaking?
What is ground shaking?
Trembling and shaking of the land that can cause buildings to vibrate.
Which of the following can be considered as a type of vulnerability?
Which of the following can be considered as a type of vulnerability?
What is the relationship between hazard, vulnerability, and risk?
What is the relationship between hazard, vulnerability, and risk?
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What phenomenon can generate very large sea waves during a submarine earthquake?
What phenomenon can generate very large sea waves during a submarine earthquake?
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Liquefaction occurs when water-saturated soil turns from solid to liquid due to rapid shaking.
Liquefaction occurs when water-saturated soil turns from solid to liquid due to rapid shaking.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What does ground rupture refer to?
What does ground rupture refer to?
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What can initiate a fire during an earthquake?
What can initiate a fire during an earthquake?
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Which factors determine structural vulnerability?
Which factors determine structural vulnerability?
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What type of damage can landslides cause?
What type of damage can landslides cause?
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Study Notes
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Define and enumerate seismic hazards.
- Identify the impacts associated with seismic hazards.
- Differentiate between hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities.
- Present various earthquake mitigation strategies.
- Describe potential earthquake scenarios in Metro Manila.
- Perform self-assessment at home for earthquake preparedness.
Seismic Hazards
- Seismic hazards are agents leading to significant damage in built environments.
- Include ground failure, ground shaking, inundation, liquefaction, fire, and ground rupture.
- Ground rupture signifies earthquake movement along faults affecting surface integrity.
Ground Shaking
- Ground shaking refers to the land's trembling affecting building vibrations.
- Resonance occurs when a building’s natural period aligns with ground motion, causing amplified effects.
- Attenuation describes the weakening of seismic waves as they move away from the epicenter.
- Amplification increases ground motion intensity, notably in soft sedimentary soils.
Fire
- Earthquake-induced fires can stem from gas or electrical sources and can be exacerbated by disruption of emergency services.
- Historical examples include the 1923 Kanto Earthquake, resulting in 70,000 deaths due to fire.
Landslides
- Occur directly from seismic activity or sustained shaking of unstable slopes.
- Can destroy structures, block transportation, and occasionally dam rivers, leading to additional hazards.
Tsunami
- Generated by sudden seafloor movements during submarine earthquakes, leading to large tidal waves.
Liquefaction
- Water-saturated soils can transition from solid to liquid state due to rapid shaking, particularly prevalent in loose sandy soils.
Hazards, Vulnerability, and Risk
- Hazard: A phenomenon capable of causing adverse effects related to earthquakes.
- Vulnerability: Conditions that increase susceptibility, influenced by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
- Risk: Expected losses when a hazard occurs, dependent on both hazard severity and vulnerability levels, measurable in qualitative and quantitative terms.
Types of Vulnerability
- Human vulnerability reflects the capacity's relative lack to cope with hazards.
- Structural vulnerability involves the likelihood of physical structures' damage or disruption by hazard events.
- Community vulnerability exists when elements at risk are exposed to hazards.
Elements at Risk
- Community risk entails potential losses from hazardous events affecting:
- People (health and lives)
- Structures (buildings, roads, bridges)
- Infrastructures (water, electricity, communication, transportation)
- Economy (jobs, agricultural land, manufacturing).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of seismic hazards, their impacts, and earthquake preparedness strategies. It also differentiates between hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities, while presenting specific scenarios relevant to Metro Manila. Test your knowledge on ground shaking, mitigation strategies, and self-assessment for earthquake readiness.
