Segregation and Social Inequality

10 Questions

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a group from others in society?

Cultural traits

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of social integration?

Economic

What is the primary focus of urban ecology?

Urban population formation and adaptation

What is the primary goal of social assimilation?

To adopt values and norms of a new group

What is the definition of social deviance?

Diverging from social norms

What is the primary difference between social assimilation and social integration?

Assimilation involves adopting new values, while integration involves maintaining one's identity

What is the primary outcome of successful social integration?

A sense of belonging to a new group

What is the primary role of social norms in social integration?

To maintain social order

What is the primary factor that influences social assimilation?

Social environment

What is the primary consequence of social deviance?

Social exclusion

Study Notes

Separation and Segregation

Residential separation occurs when people with similar ethnic, racial, and cultural characteristics tend to settle and live in areas already occupied by other groups with different characteristics.
Separation can lead to geographical segregation, where dominant groups restrict access to resources and services for subordinate groups.

Social change refers to the transformation of a social system or component from one state to another, qualitatively and quantitatively different.
It can involve evolution, development, progress, or regression of society as a whole.

Legitimization

Legitimization is the process of explaining and validating existing social institutions, with five levels:
- Initial legitimation
- Formulation and proposal in a complex form
- Implicit theories
- Symbolic universe, representing all-encompassing characteristics of society
- Annihilation, attempting to eliminate concepts and representations outside the symbolic universe

Society as an Objective Reality

Society involves passing through stages:
- Legitimization
- Acts, behaviors, or manifestations that partially or totally conform to societal norms and values
- Conventional or conformist behavior
- Behavior that opposes conventional behavior
- Deviation from rules of coexistence and imperatives of collective life

Marginality

Marginality refers to:
- Peripheral social position, characterized by isolation of individuals or groups
- Limited access to economic, political, educational, and communicational resources
- Absence of minimal social conditions for life
- Positioning at the periphery of a locality

Resocialization

Resocialization is the process of reorienting and reintegrating individuals who have exhibited marginal or deviant behavior.

Segregation

Segregation refers to the separation of individuals or groups with different ethnic, racial, and cultural characteristics, leading to unequal access to resources and services.

Integration

Integration is the process of becoming an active and recognized member of a group, involving interactions between the individual or group and the social environment.
Integration has dimensions:
- Cultural
- Normative
- Communicational
- Functional
- Structural

Urban Ecology

Urban ecology studies the adaptation of human populations to their environment, focusing on the formation and adaptation of urban populations to their surroundings.

Assimilation

Assimilation is the process of an individual or group receiving, internalizing, and applying values, norms, and codes of behavior specific to a group they are in contact with.

Deviance

Deviance refers to behavior that deviates from societal norms and values.