Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

The process by which horizontal layers of sediment are laid down, often creating a distinct layering pattern.

A type of metamorphic rock foliation characterized by parallel layers of mica.

Minerals composed of only one element, like gold or copper.

A sedimentary rock formed when small pebbles and gravel are cemented together.

A sedimentary rock composed mainly of clay and silt.

The process of clastic rocks being cemented together by minerals that precipitate from water, forming a solid rock.

The concept that all types of rocks can be transformed into other rocks through various geological processes, forming a continuous cycle.

The splitting of a metamorphic rock into layers that are parallel to each other, due to pressure and mineral alignment.

A type of foliation characterized by flat, parallel layers of very fine-grained minerals, usually composed of mica, chlorite, and/or talc.

Foliation that is created when metamorphic rocks are subjected to high pressure and temperature resulting in a distinct banding pattern.

An intensely fine-grained foliation that is characteristic of rocks like slate, which often split easily along the foliation planes.

These rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments, such as sand, mud, or shells.

A type of sedimentary rock composed primarily of seashells, often found in areas where the ocean floor was once home to large populations of marine life.

A type of magma that has a lower silica content and a higher temperature, often found in areas where the Earth's tectonic plates are pulling apart.

A type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies slowly, allowing large mineral crystals to grow.

The way in which a mineral reflects light, ranging from metallic to dull.

A type of magma that has a high silica content and a higher viscosity, often associated with explosive volcanic eruptions.