SECR2033 Computer Organization & Architecture
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Questions and Answers

What is the location from which the next instruction is fetched?

  • 941
  • 2941
  • NUM
  • 302 (correct)

    • What happens to the PC after fetching the next instruction?

  • It is reset to 0
  • It remains the same
  • It is incremented (correct)
  • It is decremented

    • What is the contents of the AC stored in?

  • Register AX
  • Location 941 (correct)
  • Location 2941
  • Location 302

    • What is the instruction MOV AX, NUM an example of?

    <p>Indirect cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fetch cycle?

    <p>To retrieve the next instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reference source for the examples provided?

    <p>William Stallings (2016). Computer Organization and Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages are involved in the instruction processing?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the instruction cycle does the processor perform the operation?

    <p>Second cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the program execution when a HALT instruction is encountered?

    <p>The program execution halts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another reason for a program to halt execution besides a HALT instruction?

    <p>The machine is turned off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the first stage of the instruction cycle?

    <p>Fetch cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the instruction cycle are operands fetched, if required?

    <p>First cycle, if indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the third stage of the instruction cycle?

    <p>Recognize pending interrupts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when a program execution halts due to an unrecoverable error?

    <p>Halt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Program Status Word (PSW) in a processor design?

    <p>To contain status information and condition codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do the status flags in the Program Status Word (PSW) reflect?

    <p>The outcome of arithmetic and bitwise operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which status flag is set when the destination (result) equals zero?

    <p>ZF (Zero Flag)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Carry Flag (CF) in the Program Status Word (PSW)?

    <p>To indicate an overflow in unsigned arithmetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which status flag is set when the signed value is out of range?

    <p>OF (Overflow Flag)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sign Flag (SF) in the Program Status Word (PSW)?

    <p>To indicate that the destination (result) is negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common field or flag in the Program Status Word (PSW)?

    <p>Instruction Pointer Flag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of arithmetic operations that affect the status flags in the Program Status Word (PSW)?

    <p>The status flags reflect the outcome of arithmetic and bitwise operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Program Status

    • A register or set of registers, known as the Program Status Word (PSW), contains status information and condition codes.
    • The ALU has status flags that reflect the outcome of arithmetic (and bitwise) operations.
    • Common status flags include:
      • Zero Flag (ZF): set when the destination (result) equals zero.
      • Sign Flag (SF): set when the destination (result) is negative.
      • Carry Flag (CF): set when the unsigned value is out of range.
      • Overflow Flag (OF): set when the signed value is out of range.

    Instruction Processing

    • Instruction processing consists of three stages:
      • Fetch cycle: Fetch the instruction, decode it, and fetch operands if required (indirect).
      • Execute cycle: Perform the operation and store results if required.
      • Interrupt cycle: Recognize pending interrupts.

    Program Execution

    • Program execution halts only if:
      • The machine is turned off.
      • Some sort of unrecoverable error occurs.
      • A program instruction that halts the computer is encountered.

    Example Cycles

    • Fetch cycle: The next instruction is fetched from the specified location, and the PC is incremented.
    • Indirect cycle: The contents of the AC are stored in the specified location.
    • Examples of fetch and indirect cycles are shown in MOV AX, NUM instructions.

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    Description

    This quiz assesses understanding of computer organization and architecture, covering topics such as system design and performance.

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