21.4 Secondary Lymphoid Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of lymph nodes?

  • Absorbing nutrients
  • Filtering lymph and removing unwanted substances (correct)
  • Production of lymphocytes
  • Transporting lymphatic vessels

    • How are lymphoid organs differentiated from other lymphoid structures?

  • Presence of a complete capsule composed of dense irregular connective tissue (correct)
  • Smaller size compared to other structures
  • Lack of reticular connective tissue matrix
  • Absence of lymphocytes

    • Where are lymph nodes typically located in the body?

  • Along the pathways of lymphatic vessels (correct)
  • Inside the heart chambers
  • Under the skin
  • Within skeletal muscles

    • Which secondary lymphoid structure includes a complete capsule?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of sizes for lymph nodes?

    <p>0.1 to 2.5 centimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from lymph nodes, which structure also has an incomplete or absent capsule?

    <p>Tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anatomic arrangement where the collective diameter of afferent lymphatic vessels is larger than the efferent lymphatic vessel?

    <p>To create a higher fluid pressure in the lymph node sinuses, forcing lymph through the node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macrophages residing in the lymph nodes?

    <p>To remove foreign debris from the lymph by phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is lymph repeatedly screened for unwanted substances?

    <p>By passing through multiple lymph nodes in a cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of malignant neoplasm is a lymphoma?

    <p>A tumor that develops within lymphoid structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is more commonly involved in the development of lymphoma?

    <p>B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with lymphoma?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic cell found in Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>Reed-Sternberg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age groups are most commonly affected by Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>Young adults (16-35) and elderly (over 60)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hodgkin lymphoma typically progress?

    <p>It arises in a lymph node and spreads to other nearby lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>Excision of the tumor, followed by radiation, chemotherapy, or both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-Hodgkin lymphomas compare to Hodgkin lymphomas in terms of prevalence and aggressiveness?

    <p>Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are more common, but some are aggressive while others are slow-growing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the context of the immune system?

    <p>They migrate from the skin and mucosal membranes to lymph nodes after phagocytosing foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of tonsillitis?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the surgical removal of the tonsils?

    <p>Tonsillectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the medical guidelines mentioned in the text, when should a tonsillectomy be considered?

    <p>If the person has had 7 throat infections in 1 year, 5 infections per year for 2 years, or 3 infections per year for 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the research mentioned in the text indicate about tonsillectomy?

    <p>It does not significantly affect the body's response to new infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is MALT?

    <p>Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Peyer patches located?

    <p>In the small intestine, primarily in the ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the location of the spleen is correct?

    <p>The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, inferior to the diaphragm and adjacent to ribs 9-11.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the size and shape of the spleen is correct?

    <p>The spleen is typically about 12 centimeters long and 7 centimeters wide, with a convex posterolateral aspect and a concave anteromedial border.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the hilum of the spleen located?

    <p>The hilum is located on the concave anteromedial border (visceral surface) of the spleen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel delivers blood to the spleen?

    <p>The splenic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the spleen and extends into the organ?

    <p>A fibrous capsule and trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the microscopic structure of the spleen is correct?

    <p>The spleen has a red pulp and a white pulp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lymphatic system in assisting the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Returning excess fluid from interstitial space to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the lymphatic system serve in aiding the immune system?

    <p>Participating in defending the body against harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is MALT primarily found in the body?

    <p>Mucosal linings of gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lymphatic system contribute to maintaining blood pressure?

    <p>By returning excess fluid from tissues to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the lymphatic system support the immune system?

    <p>By participating in defending the body against harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Hodgkin lymphoma from non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

    <p>Presentation of antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the aggressiveness of non-Hodgkin lymphomas typically compare to Hodgkin lymphomas?

    <p>The aggressiveness depends on the specific subtype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age groups are most commonly affected by Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>Young adults (ages 16-35) and people over 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment approach for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>Excision of the tumor, followed by radiation, chemotherapy, or both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do dendritic cells reside before migrating to lymph nodes?

    <p>Epithelial and connective tissue of the skin and mucosal membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the anatomic arrangement described, what is the purpose of having a larger collective diameter for the afferent lymphatic vessels compared to the efferent lymphatic vessel?

    <p>It increases the fluid pressure in the lymph node sinuses, facilitating lymph flow through the node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macrophages residing in the lymph nodes?

    <p>To remove foreign debris from the lymph by phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of having lymph nodes arranged in clusters?

    <p>It enables repeated screening of lymph for unwanted substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which type of lymphocyte is more commonly involved in the development of lymphoma?

    <p>B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom associated with lymphoma, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Night sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the continuous monitoring of lymph as it passes through lymph nodes?

    <p>To detect and remove foreign or pathogenic substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of NK cells?

    <p>To recognize and eliminate abnormal or infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the germinal centers within lymph nodes?

    <p>To facilitate the proliferation and maturation of B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of swollen lymph nodes during an infection?

    <p>It is a sign of lymphocyte proliferation to fight the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spleen?

    <p>To filter blood and remove pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between white pulp and red pulp in the spleen?

    <p>White pulp contains lymphocytes, while red pulp filters blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in lymph nodes?

    <p>To monitor and remove foreign substances from lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for performing a splenectomy (removal of the spleen)?

    <p>To treat a ruptured spleen resulting from abdominal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After a splenectomy, what is recommended to reduce the risk of serious infections?

    <p>Receiving vaccines against flu and pneumonia, and taking antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the spleen perform during fetal development through the fifth month?

    <p>Produces red blood cells and other formed elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the spleen reactivates its fetal function of producing formed elements under certain conditions?

    <p>Extramedullary hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spleen is responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged red blood cells?

    <p>Red pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spleen is primarily involved in the immune response and contains lymphocytes?

    <p>White pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

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